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Fiber-Reinforced Composites for Dental Applications
Get PDFEditorialFiber-Reinforced Composites for Dental ApplicationsAndrea Scribante,1Pekka K. Vallittu,2,3and Mutlu Özcan41Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical,Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy2Department of Biomaterial Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre (TCBC), Institute of Dentistry,University of Turku, Turku, Finland3City of Turku, Welfare Division, Turku, Finland4University of Zurich, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, Dental Materials Unit,Clinic for Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Materials Science, Zurich, SwitzerlandCorrespondence should be addressed to Andrea Scribante; [email protected] 28 August 2018; Accepted 19 September 2018; Published 1 November 2018Co pyright © 2018 Andrea Scribante et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properlycited.Fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) are composite materi-als with three different components: the matrix (continu-ousphase),thefibers(dispersedphase),andthezoneinbetween (interphase). FRC materials present high stiffnessand strength per weight when compared with other structuralmaterials along with adequate toughness. FRCs have beenused for numerous applications in various engineering andbiomedical fields for a long time. The reinforcement of dentalresins with either short or long fibers on the other hand hasbeen described in literature for more than 40 years [1]. FRCsbased on carbon, polyaramid, polyethylene, and glass havebeen largely studied and among all, glass fibers of variouscompositions are more commonly applied as restorative andprosthetic materials [2, 3].FRCs have been intensively investigated with a particularemphasis on mechanical properties such as fracture tough-ness, compressive strength, load-bearing capacity [4], flexuralstrength [5], fatigue resistance [6], fracture strength [7] oron the effect of layer thickness [8], bacterial adhesion [9],adhesion of fibers for various dental applications, such as longfibers [10], nets [11], and posts [12]. From clinical perspective,FRCs have been investigated for different clinical applicationsin prosthodontics, such as replacement of missing teeth byresin-bonded adhesive fixed dental prostheses of variouskinds [13], reinforcement elements of dentures or pontics[14], and direct construction of posts and cores [15]. In otherdisciplines of dentistry, such as orthodontics FRCs have beensuggested as active and passive orthodontic applications (i.e.,anchorage or en-masse movement units) and postorthodon-tic tooth retention [16] and in periodontology for splintingmobile teeth in an attempt to prolong tooth extraction [17].With the introduction of new technologies, nanofillers,resin matrices, fibers, adhesion protocols, and applicationtechniques, the design principles of FRC devices needfurther understanding which open new fields of researchboth preclinically and clinically [18]. On the basis of theseconsiderations, BioMed Research International prepared thepresent special issue in an attempt to explore these newvariables related to FRCs.Guest editors do hope that this special issue would beinteresting for the readers of the journal and wish that thepresent work could help both clinicians and researchers tounderstand FRC applications and properties
Types of FRCs used in dentistry
No full textFiber-reinforced composite (FRC) is a synthetic material combination of a polymeric (resinous) matrix and reinforcing fillers of high aspect ratio, i.e., the ratio between the diameter and length of the filler. High aspect ratio fillers are fibers. In general, a fiber is a rope or string used as a supporting/reinforcing component of composite materials. Fibers can be also as oriented fiber fabrics (a weave) of random fibers (a mat, a veil) into sheets (in plane) to make composite types of products such as felt or paper. Fibers can also be three-dimensionally oriented. The strongest engineering materials are generally made of continuous unidirectional fibers
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Chairside fabricated fiber-reinforced composite fixed partial denture
No full textThe advances in the materials and techniques for adhesive dentistry have allowed the development of non-invasive or minimally invasive approaches for replacing a missing tooth in those clinical situations when conservation of adjacent teeth is needed. Good mechanical and cosmetic/aesthetic properties of fiber-reinforced composite (FRC), with good bonding properties with composite resin cement and veneering composite are needed in FRC devices. Some recent studies have shown that adhesives of composite resins and luting cements allow diffusion of the adhesives to the FRC framework of the bridges. By this so-called interdiffusion bonding is formed [1]. FRC bridges can be made in dental laboratories or chairside. This article describes a clinical case of chairside (directly) made FRC Bridge, which was used according to the principles of minimal invasive approach. Treatment was performed by Professor Vallittu from the University of Turku, Finland
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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