1,720,991 research outputs found
Cannabinoids and Neurogenesis: The Promised Solution for Neurodegeneration?
No full textThe concept of neurons as irreplaceable cells does not hold true today. Experiments and evidence of neurogenesis, also, in the adult brain give hope that some compounds or drugs can enhance this process, helping to reverse the outcomes of diseases or traumas that once were thought to be everlasting. Cannabinoids, both from natural and artificial origins, already proved to have several beneficial effects (e.g., anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidants and analgesic action), but also capacity to increase neuronal population, by replacing the cells that were lost and/or regenerate a damaged nerve cell. Neurogenesis is a process which is not highly represented in literature as neuroprotection, though it is as important as prevention of nervous system damage, because it can represent a possible solution when neuronal death is already present, such as in neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this review is to resume the experimental evidence of phyto- and synthetic cannabinoids effects on neurogenesis, both in vitro and in vivo, in order to elucidate if they possess also neurogenetic and neurorepairing properties
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Ginger, a Possible Candidate for the Treatment of Dementias?
No full textAs the human life expectancy increases, age-linked diseases have become more and more frequent. The worldwide increment of dementia cases demands medical solutions, but the current available drugs do not meet all the expectations. Recently the attention of the scientific community was attracted by natural compounds, used in ancient medicine, known for their beneficial effects and high tolerability. This review is focused on Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and explore its properties against Alzheimer’s Disease and Vascular Dementia, two of the most common and devastating forms of dementia. This work resumes the beneficial effects of Ginger compounds, tested in computational in vitro and in vivo models of Alzheimer’s Disease and Vascular Dementia, along with some human tests. All these evidences suggest a potential role of the compounds of ginger not only in the treatment of the disease, but also in its prevention
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Infección mixta en pacientes colombianos con criptococosis remitidos al instituto nacional de salud en el año 2014
Full text linkEstudios recientes informan que entre el 18,4 y el 57,1% de los casos de criptococosis son causados por infecciones mixtas, los pacientes pueden presentar infecciones en la que se involucran diferentes especies (Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus gattii), serotipos (A, AD, D, B y C), genotipos (VNI, VNII, VNIII, VNIV, VGI, VGII, VGIII, VGIV) o pareja sexual (alfa o a). Teniendo en cuenta estos antecedentes, el objetivo de esta tesis fue determinar la posible presencia de infección mixta en pacientes con criptococosis remitidos durante el año 2014 al Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS) Se seleccionaron aislamientos clínicos de 60 pacientes remitidos durante el año 2014 al Grupo de Microbiología del INS, obtenidos, a partir de muestras tales como líquido cefalorraquídeo y hemocultivos. El aislamiento remitido al INS fue resembrado por agotamiento en agar glucosado de Sabouraud e incubado durante 72 horas a 37 °C. A partir de la resiembra, se seleccionaron 5 colonias por placa con base en las diferencias morfológicas de la colonia: tamaño, forma, bordes y textura cuando se presentaron, de lo contrario aleatoriamente, para un total de 300 colonias (5 colonias x 60 pacientes). A cada colonia aislada, se le realizaron pruebas bioquímicas convencionales (urea, CGB), se determinó el fenotipo de la colonia, tamaño capsular y celular, mediante pruebas moleculares se estableció la pareja sexual y el genotipo. Por medio de las pruebas fenotípicas, se determinó la misma especie en 57 aislamientos y en tres aislamientos el agar CGB fue considerado intermedio, lo que nos hizo sospechar de la presencia de un híbrido inter-especie, además se encontró que en un mismo aislamiento pueden estar presentes colonias con morfología macroscópica heterogénea. También se determinó que las colonias de un mismo aislamiento difieren en el tamaño capsular y celular. Mediante PCR huella digital, 58 aislamientos corresponden a Cryptococcus neoformans var grubii genotipo VNI y dos aislamientos a Cryptococcus gattii genotipo VGII. El tipo de pareja sexual de 43 aislamientos fue y 17 aislamientos presentaron los dos tipos de pareja sexual y a. Basados en los resultados fenotípicos y genotípicos se estableció que 18 pacientes presentaron infección mixta. Posteriormente se determinó la susceptibilidad in-vitro a anfotericina, fluconazol, voriconazol y 5-flucitosina mediante el método automatizado VITEK 2, en los aislamientos que correspondían a pacientes con infección mixta, demostrando que los 18 aislamientos son susceptibles a 5-flucitosina y voriconazol. Respecto a la susceptibilidad a anfotericina se determinó la presencia de un aislamientos (n=1) con la misma concentración inhibitoria mínima (CIM), 15 aislamientos difieren entre 1 a 3 diluciones en la CIM y 2 aislamientos presentaron colonias susceptibles y resistentes. Por otra parte, la susceptibilidad a fluconazol demostró una distribución similar a la de anfotericina, encontrando un aislamiento (n=1) con la misma CIM, 16 aislamientos con CIM que difieren en 1 a 3 diluciones y un aislamiento (n=1) con colonias susceptible, susceptible dosis dependiente y resistente. En este estudio, no se demostró una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre los pacientes con infección mixta y sin infección mixta. Sin embargo la presencia de infección mixta y de aislamientos con CIM diferente, evidencian la necesidad de estudiar más de una colonia por aislamiento en el curso de una infección.Maestrí
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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