11 research outputs found
BENEFÍCIO PREVIDENCIÁRIO NA MATÉRIA JURÍDICA DO MUNDO OCIDENTAL: FATORES DE DEGRADAÇÃO E PRINCÍPIOS DE OTIMIZAÇÃO
No full textThe authors of the article have revealed the principles of justice of the author’s traditional and public pension system. The authors have accomplished a critical analysis of the existing pension systems of the Western world, primarily the Bismarck one. The existing factors of pension provision, which lead to the loss of economic competition by democratic, legal states to some authoritarian states, have been clarified. It has been concluded that the Bismarck joint pension system cannot be effectively reformed. It should be gradually abandoned. It has been defined that the principles of the traditional and public pension system are based on the inextricable relationship between the financial situation of working children and their non-working parents. It has been proved that this social relationship must be protected by the norms of public law under the legal guarantees of the state.Os autores do artigo revelaram os princípios de justiça do sistema previdenciário tradicional e público do autor. Os autores realizaram uma análise crítica dos sistemas previdenciários existentes no mundo ocidental, principalmente o de Bismarck. Os fatores existentes de provisão de pensões, que levam à perda de competição econômica por parte de estados democráticos e legais para alguns estados autoritários, foram esclarecidos. Concluiu-se que o sistema previdenciário conjunto de Bismarck não pode ser efetivamente reformado. Deve ser gradualmente abandonado. Foi definido que os princípios do sistema previdenciário tradicional e público são baseados na relação inextricável entre a situação financeira dos filhos trabalhadores e de seus pais não trabalhadores. Ficou provado que esta relação social deve ser protegida pelas normas de direito público sob as garantias legais do Estado
FOREIGN EXPERIENCE FOR FINANCING SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESS
No full textThe aim of the article is to study the peculiarities of the financial and credit mechanism of supporting small and medium enterprises in foreign countries with the purpose of identification of key areas for the development of financial and credit support for small and medium enterprises in Ukraine. The subject of the study is the foreign experience of financing small and medium-sized businesses. Methodology. The research is based on a comparison of financial and credit support of small and medium business in Ukraine and in foreign countries. The advantages and disadvantages of different support systems for small and medium-sized enterprises are determined on the basis of an analysis of the specifics of financing small and medium-sized businesses in Germany, the USA, the UK, Italy, Japan, and some other countries. The possibilities and limits of the application of positive foreign experience in this area are determined on the basis of a comparative legal study of certain provisions of Ukrainian legislation. The results of the study showed that the peculiarities of the financial and credit mechanism for supporting small and mediumsized businesses in foreign countries, which were studied, are as follows: the predominance of indirect support methods, provision of state financial help only on a competitive, turnaround, and paid basis; effectively functioning system of state guarantee of loans, which were provided to small businesses by commercial banks (guarantee from 60 to 90% of the loan); creation of a network of special banks, which serve small businesses at different levels; strong financial stimulation for small businesses in their innovation activity; stimulating taxation system and special depreciation procedure; creation of conditions for equal access for all entrepreneurs to information and consulting services (especially on taxation, lending, and insurance issues). Practical implications. The positive experience of financing small and medium business shows that the foreign practice of functioning of the financial and credit mechanism for supporting small business is not based on the fact that, on preferential terms, small enterprises can receive all the necessary financial and credit resources for their development and support small business at all costs. But this practice is aimed to create a favourable economic and legal climate that allows small businesses not only to survive but also to successfully develop. Correlation/originality. A comparative analysis of small and medium business financing systems is the basis for developing the most promising directions for the development of domestic legislation in this field
Private International Space Law. Philosophical and Legal Factors of Approval by the World Community
No full textThis paper reveals the philosophical and legal factors of the private international space law. It is concluded that the world community should develop and approve private international space legislation and law, even before the mass use of space by individuals and colonization of space bodies. It is proved that the research, use and legal protection of outer space, space bodies and space colonization is an objective irrevocable and progressive phenomenon of mankind. It should be implemented on the basis of both public and private international space law. It is revealed that the first is well developed, and the second is at the stage of philosophical and legal approval. The authors emphasize that otherwise; the situation will be able to go beyond the humanistic and legal dimensions. This process might become uncontrollable, lead to space piracy, space wars, violation of people’s right to life and health, violation of property rights, in particular, intellectual property rights
METHODS OF ASSESSING THE EFFICIENCY OF INTERNET MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS
No full textThe purpose of the study is to systematize the methodological foundations for evaluating the effectiveness of marketing communications on the Internet. In the literature, there are often limited definitions of interactivity, which do not reveal the essence and do not allow fully realizing the marketing opportunities associated with its phenomena. Today, interactive video, gaming technologies, which are increasingly used in the creation of advertising and communication materials, provide unprecedented opportunities for users to create and flexibly change their own scenarios for the development of events, to guide the history of the video and its heroes, which, among other things, makes it possible to make the presentation object not only goods or services but also the practice of behaviour in different situations of their purchase and consumption. In Internet marketing communications, preconditions for estimating the time budget, general stay in the network, implementation of specific behavioural scenarios of the full-fledged functioning of the user as a representative of the target audience, including through various devices and due to multimedia character, are formed. Optimization of Internet communications of enterprises is carried out on the basis of cyclic interactive communication and timely adjustments of parameters of the received traffic from automated services such as Google analytics, Yandex Metrica, CoMagic, and others. An audience behaviour analysis becomes possible by the use of cookie data. This fragment of data stored on Internet users’ computers reveals the broad opportunities for enterprises to target their advertising, identifying the target audience, for example, by geographic location of users, tracking their interests, counting impressions and passing through banners. Due to the high level of inherent interactivity, simplification of activity realization, and its coordination in a virtual environment, with real results, the development of marketing communications on the Internet contributes to the transition from the integrated application of specialized tools and technologies to their genuine integration. These new opportunities, subject to their implementation, will update one more aspect – the achievement of the effectiveness of Internet communications in marketing. Attempts and methodical options for the formation of a holistic set of marketing communications, with their declared effectiveness, have become widespread. The author proposes a more adaptive system for evaluating the effectiveness of marketing communications, where a balanced system of indicators and stages of work are complemented by the classical algorithms that create the necessary preconditions for preventing or neutralizing the identified problems in the organization of Internet marketing communications. The effectiveness of the CPM model depends entirely on the derivative results of user behaviour (review of site materials, ordering and purchasing goods). Therefore, depending on the goals of the campaign, that is, expanding the target audience or promoting sales, the result may be more predictable. The success of online platforms is based on the consistent development of activities, which is harmonized by three benchmarks: differentiation, effectiveness, efficiency. If earlier, marketing monitoring of the audience and behaviour of Internet users was mainly based on the features of its persons or contingents, and the information context, today it needs to be integrated (contextual targeting, retargeting, and other tools)
Challenges of Space Law in The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
No full textThe article examines the innovative space legislation of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and its broader implications for the Western democratic community. The 2017 Law on the Exploration and Use of Space Resources established a pioneering legal framework that formally recognized property rights for private actors, setting a precedent within Europe. Luxembourg has positioned itself as an open jurisdiction that attracts international firms, including those with non-European affiliations. Particular attention is directed toward engagement with China under the 2018 Memorandum of Understanding, which opened channels for scientific and technological collaboration. At the same time, credible concerns have been raised regarding potential dual-use applications of emerging technologies and the enforcement gap in ensuring compliance with international sanctions, as highlighted by the Spacety episode. These developments underscore the policy challenge of balancing open investment environments with strategic safeguards. The study suggests that Luxembourg’s model can generate benefits for the West, but only if reinforced by robust export-control regimes, transparent oversight mechanisms, and sustained multilateral coordination
MODERN MECHANISM OF STRENGTHENING INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES
No full textIn order to create a well-functioning mechanism for the operation of the transport complex of the national economy of Ukraine and to increase the competitiveness of domestic transport in the world transport markets, a number of problems facing transport enterprises and the transport infrastructure of Ukraine in general need to be solved. The main issues are: a low level of service, non-compliance of the technical and technological level of domestic transport with European requirements, lagging development of transport services technologies, unsatisfactory level of transportation safety, a significant environmental load of transport to the environment, etc. The International Transport Corridor is a complex of land and water traffic arteries with appropriate infrastructure in a particular direction, including auxiliary structures, access roads, border crossings, service points, cargo and passenger terminals, equipment for traffic management, organizational and technical measures, legislative and regulatory acts that ensure the carriage of goods and passengers at the level corresponding to the requirements of the European Community. ITC №№ 3, 5, 7, 9 pass the territory of Ukraine and have a priority development in the national transport network. Relevant innovations that should support the transport industry and improve the service of providing transport services are as follows: electronic freight technology and single-window technology as a factor of acceleration of cargo movement; introduction of electronic document flow in logistics and transport activities (e.g., implementation of projects of electronic submission of information, electronic booking of queues, electronic declaration); development and implementation of standards for electronic document flow; methods of management and control over transportation costs in order to reduce the cost of delivery of goods by vehicles; application of cloud technologies and mobile devices; management of delivery terms; creation of new supply chains/transport corridors and multimodal formats, etc. The advantage of electronic document flow is that this system allows quickly sharing information. This is the implementation of single-window principle in transport terminals, where the most labour-intensive processes are associated with the processing of documents – both on arrival of cargo and on shipment. Therefore, it provides an opportunity to accelerate the time to handle a fairly large amount of information, multimodality – the possibility to transfer information from one mode of transport to another and make decisions at the junctions of transport modes. To date, the UIS has been used in the most developed ports, airports, and other intensive border crossing points in the world, attempts have been made to use it in Odesa, Illichivsk, “Yuzhnyi”, and Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi ports. For developing the mentioned structural transformations, we propose to introduce an improved organizational-economic mechanism of regulation of innovative activity. The proposed structure should have inherent functions related to the state innovation and investment policy in the transport and road complex, which will allow ensuring the effectiveness of the organizational-economic mechanism for regulating the innovation activity of transport enterprises
Criminal, administrative, finance and legal aspects of the use of artificial intelligence in the legal sphere: foreign experience and prospects for Ukraine under martial law
No full textAbstract. The article studies the nature of artificial intelligence in foreign countries, in particular in criminal law, financial, administrative regulation. It is substantiated that the use of artificial intelligence in courts will improve the quality of court decisions and increase the efficiency and objectivity of decisions in the authorities. In 2023, a US federal court ruled on the possibility of registering copyright to a work of fine art created by the artificial intelligence DABUS (United States District Court for the District of Columbia [2023]: Thaler v. Perlmutter, № 22-CV-384-1564-BAH). It should be noted that the introduction of legal regulation of artificial intelligence is critical to ensure its safe and ethical use. International cooperation and harmonization of the regulatory framework can contribute to the creation of an effective regulatory system that takes into account the interests of all parties and promotes innovation, while protecting human rights and freedoms. Thus, the analysis of large amounts of data can identify patterns and trends in court decisions and in general in the activities of public administration, and software can influence the forecasting of risks. A number of serious challenges and risks are associated with the purpose of ensuring the security of personal data and the validity of court decisions using artificial intelligence technologies. According to the results of the study, it is proved that artificial intelligence in judicial activity is possible only if effective legal mechanisms are introduced that allow coordinating and regulating these processes.Key words: Administrative regulation, Artificial intelligence, Court decision, Financial regulation, Criminal basis, Assessment, Evidence, Fairness, Reasonableness, Justification.
: Development of a Tool to Author Interactive, Multimedia, Computer‐Based Patient Simulations
No full textCASE STUDIES for Dentistry®: Development of a Tool to Author Interactive, Multimedia, Computer-Based Patient Simulations
No full textComputer-based patient simulations have been used to enhance the dental curriculum since the 1980s. This article describes the development of CASE STUDIES for Dentistry (CSD), a patient case simulation building template, developed at Virginia Commonwealth University, with which authors who have no programming expertise can create realistic, effective, interactive multimedia patient simulations by entering their own information and images into a straightforward, fill in the blanks interface. This program was written with Authorware, by Macromedia Inc. Design considerations included emphasis on information collection and analysis, synthesis of collected information, hypothesis proposal and testing, diagnosis, and treatment planning. The program consists of easily accessible interfaces for both authors and students. Authors build simulated patients using typed-in text and their own images. Faculty can build computer-based simulated patients so that students can immediately practice what they learn in class within a simulated doctor-patient relationship. CSD allows building simulations ranging from simple to complex patients in multiple disciplines. Robust feedback and other features allow students to learn both process and content in a self-directed, interactive environment
