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Management of chronic heart failure: state of the art according to the 2021 guideline
No full textDie Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz mit reduzierter Ejektionsfraktion (HFrEF) umfasst mittlerweile vier Substanzgruppen, deren Gabe möglichst gleichzeitig begonnen und rasch aufdosiert werden soll. Alle vier verfügen über eine Klasse-I-Empfehlung. Sacubitril/Valsartan kann nun auch in der Initialtherapie ohne vorherige Angiotensin-converting-enzyme-Hemmer-Gabe eingesetzt werden. Der Einsatz von Dapagliflozin und Empagliflozin erfolgt unabhängig von einem Diabetes mellitus zur Verbesserung von Mortalität und herzinsuffizienzbedingten Krankenhausaufnahmen. Die meisten medikamentösen Therapieempfehlungen für die HFrEF lassen sich auf die Herzinsuffizienz mit mild reduzierter Ejektionsfraktion übertragen, obgleich die Evidenzlage hier weniger robust ist. Die Individualisierung der Therapie berücksichtigt Komorbiditäten wie Vorhofflimmern, Klappenerkrankungen und Eisenmangel sowie fortgeschrittene Herzinsuffizienz, wobei nach stattgehabter Dekompensation Vericiguat als neues Reservepräparat zur Verfügung steht.Treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) requires four drug classes that should be initiated simultaneously and up-titrated rapidly. All four have received class I recommendations. Sacubitril/valsartan can be considered in initial treatment, even for patients in whom no previous treatment with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor has been given. Treatment with dapagliflozin and empagliflozin is started irrespective of diabetes mellitus to reduce mortality and hospitalization rates for heart failure. Most drug treatment recommendations for HFrEF can be extrapolated to heart failure with mildly-reduced ejection fraction, even though the evidence base is not as robust as in HFrEF. Treatment individualization considers co-morbidities such as atrial fibrillation, valvular disease and iron deficiency as well as advanced heart failure. Following cardiac decompensation, verciguat is now available as an additional treatment option
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Vliv silážních inokulantů na bachorovou degradovatelnost škrobu silážovaného kukuřičného zrna
No full textRuminal degradability of starch is an important indicator of utilization of starch by rumen microflora. Indicates the ratio between starch, which is fermented in the rumen, and starch, that escapes ruminal digestion. Determination of rumen degradability of starch is important not only in terms of performance and health of dairy cows, but also in terms of economy of farming. Corn starch, compared to other starch rom cereals, has lower rumen degradability, which is a prerequisite for efficient use of animals. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of silage inoculants on the quality of the fermentation process, the chemical composition of silage and level of rumen degradability of starch in model silage from mechanically treated corn grain. Ruminal starch degradability was determined by in sacco method. Treatment of matter by silage additives had statistically significant effect neither on the chemical composition, nor on ruminal degradability of starch. In the evaluation of the fermentation process was at application of silage inoculant found statistically significant effect (P <0,05) on dry matter content , pH , content of ammonia , acetic acid , the ratio of lactic acid and acetic acid and ethanol. For silage treated with inoculant was statistically significant higher solids content ( 695,36 +- 2,342 g/kg) and a statistically significant lower pH ( 3,99 +- 0,002) compared to control. Neither in acidity of water extract nor in the content of preserving lactic acid, was found statistically significant difference. For the inoculated silage was found statistically significantly lower content of acetic acid (4,10 +- 0,157 g/kg DM). The content of propionic acid and undesirable butyric acid was for any silage found. In overall content of fermentation acids was no statistically significant difference. The ammonia content, which represents the decomposition of nitrogenous substances, was in the inoculated silage statistically significantly lower (0,53 +- 0,031 g/kg DM) than in untreated silages and so was statistically significantly lower the content of ethanol (0,94 +- 0,145 g/kg DM). The use of silage inoculant had no statistically significant effect on the acidity of the water extract, lactic acid content and the amount of acids
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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