1,720,978 research outputs found
First Impression Misleads Emotion Recognition
Full text linkRecognition of others’ emotions is a key life ability that guides one’s own choices and behavior, and it hinges on the recognition of others’ facial cues. Independent studies indicate that facial appearance-based evaluations affect social behavior, but little is known about how facial appearance-based trustworthiness evaluations influence the recognition of specific emotions. We tested the hypothesis that first impressions based on facial appearance affect the recognition of basic emotions. A total of 150 participants completed a dynamic emotion recognition task. In a within-subjects design, the participants viewed videos of individuals with trustworthy-looking, neutral, or untrustworthy-looking faces gradually and continuously displaying basic emotions (happiness, anger, fear, and sadness). The participants’ accuracy and speed in recognizing the emotions were measured. Untrustworthy-looking faces decreased participants’ emotion recognition accuracy and speed, across emotion types. In addition, faces that elicited a positive inference of trustworthiness enhanced emotion recognition speed of fear and sadness, emotional expressions that signal another’s distress and modulate prosocial behavior. These findings suggest that facial appearance-based inferences may interfere with the ability to accurately and rapidly recognize others’ basic emotions
The psychobiological foundation of prosocial relationships: The role of oxytocin in daily social exchanges,
No full textCaring compassion motivation leads to prosocial behaviors that may contribute to preventing and alleviating others' suffering. The instrumental support is one of the expressions of compassionate prosocial behavior. Compassionate behavior is characterized by a prosocial approach, which implies the ability to tune or synchronize with others while maintaining the self/other distinction. Compassionate behaviors rely on the understanding of other's emotions while maintaining self/other distinction and regulating personal distress – all aspects found to be modulated by oxytocin. This chapter focuses on the effects of oxytocin administration on these central components for experiencing compassion, and will consider the possible mediating role of individual traits on oxytocin reception. It highlights potential links and implications of oxytocin studies with regards to compassion. Several studies indicate that the neuropeptide oxytocin enhances the ability to detect other people's emotional expressions and recognize them accurately. Among the psychobiological systems involved in social bond formation and caring, the neuropeptide oxytocin plays a central role
Promoting a curriculum focused on the affective dimension of learning in medical education.
No full textAbstract: Effectively implementing a student-centered approach requires attending to students’ needs
within the specific educational context and discipline. In the medical education field, it is important to
consider students’ needs beyond the gathering of technical knowledge. Students enter medical schools
driven by specific representations of social identity and interactions with patients. Here we share our
experience of developing a psychology course for medical students. To facilitate an effective educational
process, affectively relevant themes were used to stimulate discussions about psychological theories
and constructs and to develop the course’s program by integrating students’ perspectives. Students
considered their medical education to be enriched by enhancing their personal reflective skills on their
own affective representations of the medical profession, their motivations and their personality. By
sharing this experience, we aim to stimulate the development of cross-national medical curricula that
tap into and attend to students’ need to value the affective dimension of learning
Attachment anxiety and depressive symptoms in undergraduate medical students: The mediating role of emotion regulation strategies
Full text linkINTRODUCTION: Several studies report that medical students are at high risk of depression. Despite the variability in students’ vulnerability to depression, the role of individual differences in depression risk among medical students has hardly been investigated. Studies outside of medical student populations have shown that individual differences in attachment style and emotion regulation participate in vulnerability to depression. OBJECTIVES: This study investigates to what extent medical students’ depressive symptoms are related to differences in students’ insecure attachment styles and their perception of reduced access to emotion regulation strategies. METHODS: In a cross-sectional quantitative study, undergraduate medical students at the beginning of their second academic year completed online questionnaires measuring their attachment style, difficulties in emotion regulation, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Out of the 390 medical students invited, 267 participated in the survey. Higher secure attachment was associated with fewer depressive symptoms. Medical students’ insecure attachment style and emotion dysregulation were significantly related to depressive symptoms. Difficulties in employing strategies to disengage from one’s own negative affect partly mediated the effects of two dimensions of insecure anxious attachment—need for approval and preoccupation with relationships—on depressive symptoms. DISCUSSION: Anxious attachment style and limited access to emotion regulation strategies participate in medical students’ depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the need for acknowledging medical students’ attachment style and students’ perceived access to emotion regulation strategies for the early identification of and intervention programs for the risk of depression. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version of this article (10.1007/s40037-022-00713-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users
Person Information Facilitates Memory for Face Identity
No full textWe tested whether episodic information about people facilitates memory for
their faces (Experiment 1) and whether this effect is specific for face identity
(Experiment 2). Participants were presented with faces paired with behavioral
descriptions (positive, neutral, or negative) and faces displayed alone. In both
experiments, participants were more likely to recognize faces paired with
behavioral descriptions, and after 1week
delay, their memory was better for
faces paired with descriptions of salient behavior (i.e., with positive and
negative valence) than faces paired with neutral behaviors or faces presented
without information. To examine whether these effects are about memory for
face identity rather than face image memory, in Experiment 2, we presented
different facial images (varying in facial angle) of the same people at the
encoding and at the recognition test. Although this manipulation decreased the
overall recognition, the findings of Experiment 1 were fully replicated. The
findings suggest that minimal affective information is sufficient to facilitate
memory for face identity
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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