1,149 research outputs found
STATO PONDERALE MATERNO E TIPOLOGIA DI ALLATTAMENTO IN DIMISSIONE
No full textINTRODUZIONE: Sovrappeso e obesità sono un problema crescente di salute pubblica ed uno dei principali fattori di rischio per la salute materno-infantile. Inoltre, riducono la probabilità di allattamento al seno e la sua durata1. L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è indagare se intercorre una relazione tra indice di massa corporea (IMC) pregravidico, incremento ponderale durante la gravidanza e allattamento al seno.
MATERIALI E METODI: La relazione tra IMC pregravidico (normopeso vs. sovrappeso e obese), incremento ponderale2 e tipologia di allattamento alla dimissione (esclusivo materno vs. altro) è stata indagata mediante StataIC 14.
CASISTICA: È stata consultata la documentazione clinica di 601 donne che hanno partorito presso la clinica ostetrica dell’ospedale di Udine tra il 01/07/2019 e il 31/01/2020.
RISULTATI: L’allattamento alla dimissione è risultato essere correlato all’IMC pregravidico. L’82,9% dei neonati di madri sovrappeso e obese assumeva latte materno esclusivo vs. l’89,5% dei neonati delle madri normopeso (p=0,02). Non emerge invece relazione tra l’incremento ponderale e la tipologia di allattamento alla dimissione, considerando l’incremento ponderale (p=0,49) e l’incremento in base alle categorie di IMC (p=0,14).
CONCLUSIONI: Nel nostro campione, le donne sovrappeso e obese risultano meno propense ad intraprendere l’allattamento al seno rispetto alle normopeso, come osservato in letteratura. Al contrario, l’incremento ponderale valutato per ciascuna categoria di IMC, non risulta influenzare la tipologia di allattamento alla dimissione.
BIBLIOGRAFIA
1 Turcksin, R., Bel, S., Galjaard, S., & Devlieger, R. (2014). Maternal obesity and breastfeeding intention, initiation, intensity and duration: A systematic review. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 10(2), 166–183.
2 Council, Institute Of Medicine and N. R. (2009). Composition and Components of Gestational Weight Gain: Physiology and Metabolism. In Weight gain during pregnancy: Reexamining the guidelines
Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Syndrome: a dietary intervention study to reduce metabolic syndrome risk after heart transplantation.
No full textBackground: heart-transplanted (HTx) patients are inclined to develop the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), mainly due to the side effects of immunosuppressive therapy. The Mediterranean Diet (MD) has proven effective preventing MetS in general population.
Aim: to assess the impact of a dietary intervention based on MD in HTx patients with high risk of MetS.
Methods: 21 HTx patients were enrolled and randomly assigned in an intervention (IG) or in a control group (CG). IG received personalised dietary advices based on MD along 3 meetings (baseline, at 6 and 12 months). CG received general dietary indications based on Italian guidelines for a healthy nutrition at baseline (1). A validated 15-item questionnaire (2) was administered to assess the MD adherence, at each timepoint to IG and at baseline and after 6 months to CG. The MD score ranged from 0 to 9 (minimal-maximal adherence). Data on MetS criteria were collected from clinical informatic system (study approved by the Ethics Committee of Friuli Venezia Giulia Region).
Results: 11 patients were included in IG and 10 in CG. At baseline, 46% patients of the IG resulted affected by MetS vs 20% of the CG (p=0.221). IG patients showed more hypertriglyceridemia (100% vs 70%, p=0.09), while the other MetS criteria were comparable. MD score was low and similar between groups (4±2 vs 4±2, p=0.918). At 6 months, MD score of IG become higher than CG (5±2 vs 4±1, p=0.169) and blood pressure (BP) expressed in mmHg (median, 25th-75th) resulted significantly lower (systolic BP 130, 120–130 vs 145, 130–147, p=0.020; diastolic BP 80, 75–80 vs 86, 83–90, p=0.004). In addition, fasting glucose (84±10mg/dL vs 94±18mg/dL, p=0.133) and triglycerides (87±38mg/dL vs 113±41mg/dL, p=0.153) were found lower in IG. At 12 months, in IG adherence to MD increased significantly compared with the baseline (7±1.3 vs 4±1.5, p=0.001) and waist circumference was reduced on average of 1.3±2.6 cm.
Conclusions: despite the small sample size due to COVID-19, the dietary intervention providing specific dietary advices based on MD principles, may exert many beneficial effects on MD adherence and MetS criteria of HTx patients.
1. CREA, 2018.
2. Gnagnarella P., Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc., 2018, 28: 1140-1147
Giulia Veronica Varisco
No full textThe headword explains the biography and the contribution of the author Giulia Varisco to the children's literatur
Red blood distribution width and heart transplantation: any predictive role on patient outcome?
No full textA Web Tool to Help Counter the Spread of Misinformation and Fake News: Pre-Post Study Among Medical Students to Increase Digital Health Literacy
No full textBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by the spread of uncontrolled health information and fake news, which also quickly became an infodemic. Emergency communication is a challenge for public health institutions to engage the public during disease outbreaks. Health professionals need a high level of digital health literacy (DHL) to cope with difficulties; therefore, efforts should be made to address this issue starting from undergraduate medical students.
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the DHL skills of Italian medical students and the effectiveness of an informatics course offered by the University of Florence (Italy). This course focuses on assessing the quality of medical information using the “dottoremaeveroche” (DMEVC) web resource offered by the Italian National Federation of Orders of Surgeons and Dentists, and on health information management.
MethodsA pre-post study was conducted at the University of Florence between November and December 2020. First-year medical students participated in a web-based survey before and after attending the informatics course. The DHL level was self-assessed using the eHealth Literacy Scale for Italy (IT-eHEALS) tool and questions about the features and quality of the resources. All responses were rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Change in the perception of skills was assessed using the Wilcoxon test.
ResultsA total of 341 students participated in the survey at the beginning of the informatics course (women: n=211, 61.9%; mean age 19.8, SD 2.0) and 217 of them (64.2%) completed the survey at the end of the course. At the first assessment, the DHL level was moderate, with a mean total score of the IT-eHEALS of 2.9 (SD 0.9). Students felt confident about finding health-related information on the internet (mean score of 3.4, SD 1.1), whereas they doubted the usefulness of the information they received (mean score of 2.0, SD 1.0). All scores improved significantly in the second assessment. The overall mean score of the IT-eHEALS significantly increased (P<.001) to 4.2 (SD 0.6). The item with the highest score related to recognizing the quality of health information (mean score of 4.5, SD 0.7), whereas confidence in the practical application of the information received remained the lowest (mean of 3.7, SD 1.1) despite improvement. Almost all students (94.5%) valued the DMEVC as an educational tool.
ConclusionsThe DMEVC tool was effective in improving medical students’ DHL skills. Effective tools and resources such as the DMEVC website should be used in public health communication to facilitate access to validated evidence and understanding of health recommendations
Changes of body composition and dietary intakes after a nutritional intervention in a sample of heart-transplanted patients: primary longitudinal data.
No full textIntroduction: the long-life immunosuppressive therapy, which heart-transplanted (HTx) patients are exposed to, may increase the risk of many chronic diseases or complications. In particular, metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a very frequent condition in HTx patients already before the transplantation, and steadily grows during their follow-up.
Aim: to evaluate any beneficial effect of a nutritional intervention in HTx patients, in order to prevent or reduce metabolic diseases.
Materials and methods: at baseline (T0), after 6 (T1), and 12 months (T2) patients were invited to compile a 4-day dietary record (4dDR) to bring at the scheduled visits. During the meetings, a nutritionist detected dietary habits and provided personalised nutritional advices based on the Mediterranean Diet, monitoring the improvement during the follow-ups. At each timepoint, anthropometric and body composition data were assessed. To estimate nutrient intakes from 4-dDR was used The Italian Food Composition Database (BDA). The study was approved by the Regional Ethics Committee.
Results: at T0, 15 patients were enrolled, 11 have already returned at T1 and, 7 of them, also at T2. The mean age of the subjects was 57±14 years (males: 91%). Although any significant difference was found between T0 and T2 for body weight (kg) (T0=75.3±20.6; T2=75.7±20.4; p=0.71), a significant decrease of fat mass (%) (T0=23.2±6.3; T2=14.8±10.1; p=0.014) and a significant increase of fat free mass (%) (T0=76.8±6.3; T2=85.2±10.1; p=0.014) were obtained, with an increase of body cell mass between T1 and T2 (%) (T1=50.9±3.8; T2=53.4±3.4; p=0.031). Accordingly, dietary data between T0 and T2 showed a significant decrease of energy from saturated fatty acids (%) (T0=13.0±2.1; T2=9.6±1.5; p=0.001), sodium (mg) (T1=2138±359; T2=1822±417; p=0.045), and a decreasing trend for cholesterol (mg) (T0=219±82; T2=171±59; p=0.082). Moreover, macronutrient balance improved, with an increase of energy from carbohydrates and fiber intake, even if not already significant.
Conclusions: fat mass of HTx patients significantly decreased after 12 months of intervention, perhaps as a consequence of the overall diet improvement, which showed a significant reduction of the major dietary risk factors for cardiovascular diseases
Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in a sample of heart-transplanted patients from the University Hospital of Udine.
No full textIntroduction: heart-transplanted patients are inclined to develop several metabolic conditions, mainly due to the side effects of immunosuppressive therapy, which may increase the risk of many chronic diseases or complications, impairing their long-term outcomes. In order to prevent the onset of any undesirable condition, healthy lifestyles, including physical activity and dietary habits, should be promoted.
Aim: to assess the adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) of 143 heart- transplanted patients from the University Hospital of Udine.
Materials and methods: the self-administered, validated, 15-item questionnaire (1) was administered to the patients during the scheduled follow-up visits, since October 2020. The MedDiet score was derived from each questionnaire, with values ranging from 0 (minimal adherence) to 9 (maximal adherence), and patients were ranked as weak adherent (≤ 5) or good adherent (6-9).
Results: the median age of the 143 patients (Italian=97.2%) was 64 years (57-69), and the 80% were males. The median MedDiet score was 4 (2-5), with only 35 subjects (25.2%) showing a good adherence. In particular, it was observed that among 50% of patients consumed fruit and vegetables at least 1-2 times/day; whole grains and olive oil were not habitually used by the majority (~60%); only 30% of them consumed fish, nuts, and legumes at least 2-3 times/week. Red meat consumption resulted in line with recommendations (≤1 time/week) for 94% of the subjects.
Conclusions: an overall weak adherence to the MedDiet was found in our sample, together with an inadequate consumption of foods characterizing the MedDiet. These findings suggest that much effort will be devoted to improving the dietary habits of heart-transplanted patients and to develop dietary guidelines with the aim of both reducing MetS risk factors and therapies’ side effects.
1. Gnagnarella P., Dragà D., Misotti A.M., Sieri S., Spaggiari L., Cassano E., Baldini F., Soldati L., Maisonneuve P. Validation of a short questionnaire to record adherence to the Mediterranean diet: An Italian experience. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2018; 28:1140–1147
Ytterbium Disilicate/Monosilicate Multilayer Environmental Barrier Coatings: Influence of Atmospheric Plasma Spray Parameters on Composition and Microstructure
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Ytterbium Disilicate/Monosilicate Multilayer Environmental Barrier Coatings: Influence of Atmospheric Plasma Spray Parameters on Composition and Microstructure
by Giulia Di Iorio,Laura Paglia *ORCID,Giulia PedrizzettiORCID,Virgilio GenovaORCID,Francesco MarraORCID,Cecilia BartuliORCID andGiovanni PulciORCID
INSTM Reference Laboratory for Materials and Surface Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Coatings 2023, 13(9), 1602; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13091602
Original submission received: 10 August 2023 / Revised: 31 August 2023 / Accepted: 11 September 2023 / Published: 13 September 2023
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Abstract
SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites (SiCf/SiC CMCs) are regarded as the new materials for the hot-section components of aircraft gas turbine engines, since they have one-third of the density of metallic superalloys, a higher temperature capability, good mechanical strength, and excellent thermal shock resistance. However, high-temperature water-vapor-rich combustion gases can induce severe surface recession phenomena in SiC/SiC leading to component failure. For this reason, it is necessary to design protective coatings, i.e., environmental barrier coatings (EBCs), able to protect the SiC/SiC surface in combustion environments. In the present work, ytterbium monosilicate (Yb2SiO5), stable when exposed to water vapor at high temperatures, and ytterbium disilicate (Yb2Si2O7), characterized by a thermal expansion coefficient closer to that of the substrate, were selected for a multilayer EBC system. EBCs were processed using the atmospheric plasma spray (APS) technique. A set of deposition parameters were tested, varying the power of the torch, and the composition and microstructure of the deposited coatings were studied in terms of porosity, crack density, and post-deposition phase retention by performing SEM, EDS, and XRD analysis. The results allow for the definition of the influence of deposition parameters on the final properties of multilayer EBC coatings
Correction to: Safety and Psychological Outcomes of Tandem t:Slim X2 Insulin Pump with Control-IQ Technology in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review
No full textThe second author name was incorrectly published as Giula Maria Smylie. The correct name is Giulia Marie Smylie. The original article has been corrected
Scrivere senza anestesia. La chiarezza di Giulia Niccolai
No full textIl saggio colloca storicamente la narratrice e poetessa Giulia Niccolai nel canone del Novecento letterario italiano discutendone poetica e cifre stilistiche. L'ampia analisi proposta tocca tutte le opere dell'autrice evidenziandone i legami intertestuali, anche tra poesia e narrativa, e i progressivi sviluppi in un arco cronologico esteso, tra anni Sessanta e primi anni Duemila. Lo studio coglie anche l'importanza dei riferimenti alle arti visive, in particolare alla fotografia, che Giulia Niccolai ha praticato in prima persona negli anni della Neoavanguardia, e alla pittura americana.The essay places the narrator and poet Giulia Niccolai in the canonical twentieth century Italian literary discussing her poetics and stylistic figures. The wide analysis proposed touches all the works of the author highlighting the intertextual links, also between poetry and narrative, and the progressive developments in an extended chronological period, between the Sixties and early Twenties. The study also captures the importance of references to the visual arts, especially photography, which Giulia Niccolai has practiced in the years of the Neo-avant-garde, and to American painting
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