1,721,044 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Potentiel évolutif et adaptation des populations de l'agent du mildiou de la laitue, Bremia lactucae, face aux pressions de sélection de la plante hôte, Lactuca sativa
No full textResistance genes introgressed into cultivated plants are frequently overcame by pathogens, causing outbreaks and economic losses. Therefore, understanding the evolutionary strategies involved in the adaptation of pathogen populations is needed to improve the sustainable management of resistance. Bremia lactucae, the lettuce downy mildew, is under strong selection pressure exerted by host resistance genes. Under this selection pressure, B. lactucae populations showed a rapid adaptation to host resistance. The study of pathogen genetic structure may help to understand the evolutionary mechanisms involved in the overcoming of resistant genes. Study of the genetic structure (neutral and potentially selected markers) of B. lactucae populations in France was conducted in order to identify the evolutionary forces involved in the adaptation of the plant pathogen and to determine the influence of selective pressure of host resistance genes on the population structure. We developed 12 microsatellites markers, to study genetic structure of B. lactucae populations in France. Over 800 isolates were collected from the most important production areas of the host plant, Lactuca sativa. These isolates were taken from different cultivars grouped according to their resistance gene combinations. Moreover, a prospection in the wild compartment allowed sampling isolates of B. lactucae on the wild host L. serriola. The polymorphism of several RxLR candidate effectors was studied in several Bremia populations. Our results showed clonality in Bremia populations but rare events of sexual reproduction are also suggested. Weak genetic differentiation between populations suggested important gene flow between populations at French regional scale. Gene flow was also found between the wild and the crop pathosystems indicating a possible role of wild host plants as genetic reservoir. Moreover, analyzing the population genetic structure suggests the presence of different clonal lineages, resulting probably from selection pressure of resistance genes. Characterizing the population structure of B. lactucae allowed to highlight the strong evolutionary potential (significant gene flow, mixed mating system, selection by resistance genes) of B. lactucae explaining its rapid adaptation to host resistance. Thus, we can suggest some management strategies of resistance genes as promoting the use of quantitative resistance and use of crop association to improve the durability of resistance.Des nouvelles résistances aux agents pathogènes introgressées dans les plantes cultivées sont fréquemment contournées dans différents pathosystèmes, engendrant des épidémies et des pertes économiques. En conséquence, la compréhension des stratégies évolutives impliquées dans l’adaptation des populations pathogènes est nécessaire pour améliorer la gestion durable des résistances. Bremia lactucae, agent pathogène de la laitue est un organisme diploïde, hétérothallique avec des cycles de reproduction sexuée et asexuée. Cet oomycète est soumis aux fortes pressions de sélection exercées par des gènes de résistance de la plante hôte. Sous cette pression de sélection, les populations de B. lactucae ont montré une rapide adaptation aux résistances hôtes qui se sont donc avérées peu durables. L’étude de la structure génétique d’un agent pathogène peut permettre de comprendre les mécanismes évolutifs impliqués dans le contournement des résistances variétales. Ainsi, une étude de la structure génétique (neutre et potentiellement soumise à sélection) des populations de B. lactucae en France a été conduite afin d’identifier les forces évolutives impliquées dans le contournement des résistances de l’hôte et de déterminer l’influence des pressions de sélection des gènes de résistance de la plante hôte sur cette structure. J’ai validé 12 microsatellites, marqueurs moléculaires neutres, pour analyser la structure génétique de B. lactucae en France. Plus de 800 isolats ont été prélevés dans les plus importants bassins de production de la plante hôte, Lactuca sativa. Ces isolats ont été prélevés sur différentes variétés regroupées selon leur combinaison de gènes de résistance. Par ailleurs, une prospection dans le compartiment sauvage a permis d’échantillonner des isolats de B. lactucae sur la plante hôte adventice L. serriola. Le polymorphisme de plusieurs effecteurs candidats à motif RxLR, a été étudié dans différentes populations de Bremia. La faible diversité génétique et l’excès d’hétérozygotie observés sont en faveur d’une reproduction clonale mais de rares évènements de reproduction sexuée sont également suggérés par les résultats. Par ailleurs, la faible différenciation génétique entre populations suggère des flux de gènes importants à l’échelle des régions. Des flux de gènes ont également été mis en évidence entre le pathosystème du compartiment sauvage et le pathosystème du compartiment cultivé évoquant un possible rôle de réservoir génétique des plantes hôtes adventices. Une structuration des populations en plusieurs lignées clonales résultant de la pression de sélection des gènes de résistance des cultivars est également indiquée par l’analyse des résultats des marqueurs neutres et sélectionnés. La caractérisation de la structure des populations de B. lactucae nous permet de mettre en évidence le fort potentiel évolutif (flux de gènes importants, système de reproduction mixe, sélection de mutants et de migrants par les gènes de résistance) de B. lactucae expliquant la rapide adaptation aux résistances hôtes. Ainsi, nous pouvons suggérer des pistes de gestion des gènes de résistance comme favoriser l’utilisation de résistances quantitatives et l’utilisation de cultures d’association afin d’améliorer la durabilité des résistances
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
