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Investigating the neuroprotective effects of estrogen in the medial prefrontal cortex of adult male mice
No full textThis study examined the neuroprotective properties of estrogen in the male brain, specifically
focusing on its production and effects on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during oxygen-glucose
deprivation (OGD). This research addresses a knowledge gap regarding the role of estrogen in
male neuroprotection, considering the lower systemic estrogen levels in males compared to
females. PFC slices from adult male mice were incubated in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF)
for 0 and 24 hrs. Elevated estrogen levels were detected in ACSF after 24 hrs, indicating active
estrogen synthesis in male PFC. To explore the neuroprotective effects of estrogen during OGD,
recordings were used to measure field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in PFC slices
using a perforated multi-electrode array (pMEA). Slices were treated with 100 nM estrogen,
0.1% DMSO (vehicle), or estrogen + 1µM ICI 182,780 (GPER1 agonist and ERα/ERβ antagonist).
During 10 min of OGD, fEPSP amplitude significantly decreased in DMSO-treated slices
compared to estrogen-treated slices. Estrogen maintained the fEPSP amplitude during OGD.
Estrogen + ICI 182,780 treatment did not alter the fEPSP amplitude, suggesting that GPER1 is
involved in neuroprotection and not ERα or ERβ. Lastly, to explore the neuroprotective effects of
estrogen during OGD on neuronal firing rate, slices were perfused with 100 nM of estrogen, and
recordings were used to measure the firing rate. The application of estrogen did not affect the
firing rate in the adult male mPFC; however, this was the first study to explore the firing rate of
the adult PFC undergoing OGD using pMEA. The male PFC demonstrated a capacity for active
estrogen synthesis. Estrogen exhibits neuroprotective properties in the male brain during OGD.
The neuroprotective effects may be mediated, at least partially, by the GPER1 receptor. These
findings suggest that estrogen may function as a neuroprotective steroid in the male brain,
particularly during ischemic conditions, despite lower systemic estrogen levels than in females
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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Is the membrane estrogen receptor, GPER1, a promiscuous receptor that modulates nuclear estrogen receptor-mediated functions in the brain?
No full textEstrogen signals both slowly to regulate transcription and rapidly to activate kinases and regulate calcium levels. Both rapid, non-genomic signaling as well as genomic transcriptional signaling via intracellular estrogen receptors (ER)s can change behavior. Rapid non-genomic signaling is initiated from the plasma membrane by a G-protein coupled receptor called GPER1 that binds 17β-estradiol. GPER1 or GPR30 is one of the candidates for a membrane ER (mER) that is not only highly expressed in pathology i.e. cancers but also in several behaviorally-relevant brain regions. In the brain, GPER1 signaling, in response to estrogen, facilitates neuroprotection, social behaviors and cognition. In this review, we describe several notable characteristics of GPER1 such as the ability of several endogenous steroids as well as artificially synthesized molecules to bind the GPER1. In addition, GPER1 is localized to the plasma membrane in breast cancer cell lines but may be present in the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus in the hippocampus. Unusually, GPER1 can also translocate to the perinuclear space from the plasma membrane. We explore the idea that subcellular localization and ligand promiscuity may determine the varied downstream signaling cascades of the activated GPER1. Lastly, we suggest that GPER1 can act as a modulator of ERα-mediated action on a convergent target, spinogenesis, in neurons that in turn drives female social behaviors such as lordosis and social learning
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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