59 research outputs found
Study on obesity and Influence of dietary factors on the weight status of an adult population in Jamnagar city of Gujarat: A cross-sectional analytical study
No full textBackground: Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally and is a major contributor to the global burden of chronic diseases. Dietary factors are the major modifiable factors through which many of the external forces promoting weight gain act. Objectives: The objectives were to find the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the urban population of Jamnagar and to explore the effect of dietary factors on the weight status of the people. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the adult population of Jamnagar city. Cluster sampling technique was used to select study samples. Data were collected in a prestructured questionnaire by interviewing subjects through house-to-house visits. Data were analyzed in Epi Info and appropriate statistical methods were used. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be 22.04% and 5.20%, respectively. Overweight was more prevalent in females than males. The prevalence rose with an increase in age up to 60 years. Among dietary factors, the total calorie intake and habit of snacking had a positive association with weight gain (P < 0.05). The mean intake of oil was more and the mean intake of vegetables was less among overweight subjects than nonoverweight subjects (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the urban population in Jamnagar was found to be 22.04% and 5.20%, respectively. Total calorie intake as well as composition of diet was the important dietary factor affecting weight gain
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The Praescriptionary
No full textThe Praescriptionary is a project that explores the power of stories to guide, to
empower and to heal the soul.
In the main framing tale, we find Bhavin, a grieving widower and Astrid, a patient
in a comatose state, both unable to move on with their lives. Bhavin discovers the
Praescriptionary, a magical book capable of dispensing just the right tale for the reader
(or the listener’s) soul, in a mysterious bookshop. It is when he begins reading and
sharing it with Astrid that they both began their journey towards healing.
The seven tales which the book reveals to our protagonists are nestled within the
larger frame tale so that readers may experience immersion along with the protagonists
and be startled when they surface back in the main tale, realizing that they are still within
a layer of story.
The sub-stories are original creations though there are a few re-imaginings of
existing myth or fairytales. Each tale carries within it the kernel of an impetus towards
healing for one or both of the main characters to help them on their paths to wholeness.
There is also a key psychological step towards grief recovery enmeshed deep within each
story, though each retains a unique flavor, with the exception of the linked Lost Princess
tales. This individuality is reflected in the frontispiece illustration, a composite of seven
panels of original artwork, each based on one of the seven tales and made by the author
for this work
Author's personal copy How emotional arousal and valence influence access to awareness
No full texta b s t r a c t The effect of emotion on visual awareness is largely unknown. Pairs of natural images were presented side by side on a screen in a binocular rivalry setup. The amount of time that each image of a pair dominated perception was computed. Our results showed: (A) A main effect of arousal: Dominance durations of the more arousing picture of iso-valence pairs were longer. (B) No effect of valence: Dominance durations of pleasant and unpleasant pictures of isoarousal pairs were similar. (C) An interaction between arousal and valence: The more pleasant picture of iso-arousal pairs of low arousal level dominated conscious perception. The less pleasant picture of iso-arousal pairs of high arousal level dominated conscious perception. Our findings suggest that the emotional content of a stimulus affects the extent to which it dominates awareness. While arousal and valence interactively affect access to awareness, only arousal exerts an independent control of such access
Assessment Of Long-Term Outcome Among New Smear Positive Pulmonary TB Patients Treated with Intermittent Regimen Under RNTCP – A Retrospective Cohort Study
No full textBackground: Under the Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP) of India, treatment of TB is given as thrice weekly regimen following WHO recommended DOTS strategy and the success of treatment is largely declared based on completeness and bacteriological conversion. Once the patient is declared as cured or treatment completed, they are not followed up under the programme unless they come to the health system again with symptoms. Present study was conducted to assess status of patients at 2 years after successful anti-TB treatment under DOTS and to explore any potential impact of treatment irregularity on long term outcome
Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, all new smear positive (NSP) pulmonary TB cases declared as cured or treatment completed from were included in the study. They were interviewed, after 24 months from date of declaration of successful treatment, using semi-structured questionnaire. Patient TB treatment card and Tuberculosis registers were also used to collect desired information.
Results: A total of 657 out of 706 successfully treated NSP TB patients were included in the study. Out of these, 326 (49.6%) patients had any interruption during their treatment. The average number of doses missed during intensive phase and continuation phase was 7.5 and 11.9 respectively. Average duration of any interruption during treatment was 6.5 days. No significant difference was observed in proportion of treatment interrupters and non-interrupters across demographic variables except for a higher proportion of treatment interruption in patients enrolled from urban district. Out of 657 subjects, 71 (10.85%) had relapse of TB. Another 39 (5.9%) patients died due to TB. These unfavourable outcomes were not significantly different among treatment interrupters and treatment non-interrupters.
Conclusion: After being successfully treated, the new smear positive pulmonary TB patients had a very high proportion of relapse of TB. Treatment non-adherence was not significantly associated with long term unfavourable outcomes
Impact of TB-HIV collaborative activities on case fatality among HIV-infected Tuberculosis patients in Gujarat, INDIA
No full textAwareness of HIV/AIDS among rural youth in India: A community based cross-sectional study
No full textIntroduction: More than one third of reported cases of HIV/AIDS in India are among youth and 60 percent of these reside in rural areas. Assessment of the awareness of HIV/AIDS in the youth is important for determining the impact of previous and current awareness programs as well as the need for interventions. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of rural youth regarding HIV/AIDS and to explore the epidemiological determinants of awareness among them. Methodology: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among youths aged 15-24 years in rural areas of the Saurashtra region of Gujarat, India. A cluster sampling design was used, surveying 50 subjects from each of 30 clusters. Data was collected through house-to-house visits using a semi-structured questionnaire. Proportions and logistic regression were used for analysis. Results: Out of a total of 1,237 subjects who participated in survey, 60% knew something about HIV. Of those who had heard of HIV, more than 90% subjects knew the modes of transmission and more than 80% were aware of modes of prevention of HIV/AIDS. One fifth of the subjects had misconceptions in relation to HIV/AIDS. On applying multiple logistic regression, age, education, occupation, and mass media exposure were found to be the major determinants of their knowledge with regard to HIV/AIDS. Conclusions: Basic knowledge of HIV/AIDS is still lacking in two fifths of the rural youth. Literacy and media exposure are factors that determine awareness of HIV among them and can be helpful to raise their knowledge regarding this scourge.</jats:p
A Study on Status of Empowerment of Women in Jamnagar District
No full textBackground: Empowerment of women is important for decision making in relation to health seeking, family planning, nutrition and economic issues, for her as well as for the family.
Aim: To assess the level of empowerment of women in Jamnagar district.
Settings and design: A cross sectional study was designed in rural and urban areas of Jamnagar district.
Material and methods: An open-ended questionnaire was used for data collection on parameters relating to women empowerment through house-to-house survey.
Statistical analysis: Chi-square was used.
Results: Mean age of participants was 30.74 ± 7.65 years, 14.77% were illiterate, majority of women were housewives, 28.86% were not involved in decision regarding their marriage and 14.09% were not involved in household decisions. About quarter had no say in financial matters of family and 57% didn’t hold any bank account. The condition was worse for rural and urban slum women. 21% of the women had experienced some kind of domestic violence, which was higher in case of urban women. About one fifth of the women had no role in decisions related to reproductive health viz; spacing and of number of children, methods of family planning.
Conclusion: one fifth of the women had no say regarding the reproductive issues and similarly a quarter had no participation in financial decisions. One in every five (21.47%) had faced domestic violence in some form. Education, employment had a positive impact on status of women in relation to empowerment
Galaxy Evolution in the Local and the High-z Universe Through Optical+near-IR Spectroscopy
No full textabstract: A key open problem within galaxy evolution is to understand the evolution of galaxies towards quiescence. This work investigates the suppression of star-formation through shocks and turbulence at low-redshift, and at higher-redshifts, this work investigates the use of features within quiescent galaxy spectra to redshift estimation, and passive evolution of aging stellar populations to understand their star-formation histories.
At low-, this work focuses on the analysis of optical integral field spectroscopy data of a nearby () unusual merging system, called the Taffy system because of radio emission that stretches between the two galaxies. This system, although a recent major-merger of gas-rich spirals, exhibits an atypically low star-formation rate and infrared luminosity. Strong evidence of shock heating as a mechanism for these atypical properties is presented. This result (in conjunction with many others) from the nearby Universe provides evidence for shocks and turbulence, perhaps due to mergers, as an effective feedback mechanism for the suppression of star-formation.
At intermediate and higher-, this work focuses on the analysis of Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) G800L grism spectroscopy and photometry of galaxies with a discernible 4000\AA\ break. The usefulness of 4000\AA/Balmer breaks as redshift indicators by comparing photometric, grism, and spectrophotometric redshifts (SPZs) to ground-based spectroscopic redshifts, is quantified. A spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting pipeline that is optimized for combined HST grism and photometric data, developed for this project, is presented. This pipeline is a template-fitting based routine which accounts for correlated data between neighboring points within grism spectra via the covariance matrix formalism, and also accounts for galaxy morphology along the dispersion direction. Evidence is provided showing that SPZs typically improve the accuracy of photometric redshifts by 17--60\%. For future space-based observatories like the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (formerly the Wide Field InfraRed Survey Telescope, i.e., WFIRST) and Euclid, this work predicts 700--4400 galaxies\,degree, within , for galaxies with 4000\AA\ breaks and continuum-based redshifts accurate to 2\%.
This work also investigates the star-formation histories of massive galaxies (). This is done through the analysis of the strength of the Magnesium absorption feature, Mgb, at 5175\AA. This analysis is carried out on stacks of HST ACS G800L grism data, stacked for galaxies binned on a color vs stellar mass plane.Dissertation/ThesisDoctoral Dissertation Astrophysics and Astronomy 202
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