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Review: Ilie, Cornelia (ed.), European Parliaments under Scrutiny. Discourse strategies and interaction practices
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The Ideological Framework of the French Nouvelle Droite and the Contemporary Finnish Far Right : Differentialism and Anti-egalitarianism in Xenophobic Discourse
No full textThis article deals with the xenophobic discourse of contemporary Finnish anti-immigrationists, namely the anti-immigration faction of the Perussuomalaiset party and its 'metapolitical' background organisation - Suomen Sisu. It focuses on two main themes - differentialism and anti-egalitarianism - as they have been conceptualised by the French Nouvelle Droite (ND) and the European New Right. Because these themes have been used to serve a variety of anti-immigration movements and parties within Europe, the article examines whether the selective reception of differentialism and anti-egalitarianism have a part to play in the xenophobic discourse within Finnish politics as well. The Finnish anti-immigrationists share some rhetorical strategies with the ND and use these selectively and in a modified form. It also shows the Finnish faction's aim to be part of a European nationalist and communitarian conservatism to legitimise their own otherwise harshly expressed anti-immigration views.peerReviewe
"Rotten to the core" : variations of French nationalist anti-system rhetoric
No full textVallitsevan poliittisen järjestelmän vastustaminen on piirre, joka on leimannut ranskalaista äärinationalismia aina 1800-luvun loppupuolelta alkaen. Tuula Vaarakallio tarkastelee tutkimuksessaan kolmea erilaista äärikansallisen liikehdinnän edustajaa, jotka ovat hyökänneet edustuksellista demokratiaa, parlamentarismia sekä poliittista eliittiä vastaa eri aikakausina.Vaarakallio tutki äärioikeistolaista järjestelmän vastaisuutta yksityiskohtaisesti poliittisissa ohjelmateksteissä. Näin hän keräsi lisätietoa siitä, mitä itsestäänselvyytenä pidetyn äärikansallisen protestin taakse kätkeytyy.One of the main components (topoi) of the politics of the French nationalists since the late 19th century has been the rhetoric against the existing ”system,” that is the discourse against the representative form of democracy, the parliamentary form of government and the political establishment. This study focuses on the nationalist anti-system rhetoric at the turn of the 20th and the turn of the 21st centuries, namely on Boulangism (1886-1889) and its representative Maurice Barrès (1862-1923), the nationalist Charles Maurras (1868-1952), and the contemporary radical right movement, the Front National (1972-). This study aims to carry out a detailed and politically oriented exploration of the changes that can be detected in this rejection from the time of Boulanger to that of the Front National.Methodologically, the study is neither strictly rhetorical nor historical but is instead located somewhere between these two approaches. The main objective is to distinguish the political assumptions and commitments that lie behind the terminology of the political programs not only by analyzing the attack against parliamentarism and the ”deteriorated” establishment but also by examining the ”political alternative” provided, that is, for example the populist calls for direct democracy. The use of antithetical pairs clearly typifies this kind of nationalist rhetoric, and the dichotomy between ”the real nation” and ”the legal nation” is a specific emblematic manifestation of how in the nationalist discourse ”the true political essence” is distinguished from the ”the false political appearance,” thereby serving as a basis for the nationalist attempt at achieving ”one truth or one essence”.The study illustrates how nationalist politics actually aims at harmonizing political life and simplifying politics, not only by demanding firm authority and relying directly on the people by means of referenda but also by avoiding political struggles, ”vain” politicking and useless parliamentary discussions. Although there are variations in the rhetoric of the various political agents and ideologists covered in this study, one may nevertheless conclude that the call for national coherence and political unanimity on the one hand, and the renunciation of pluralism, political alternatives and contingency on the other, seem to prevail.unknown accessibilityei tietoa saavutettavuudest
Rodun ja kulttuurin rajamailla: Ekskursio Front nationalin muukalaisvastaisuuteen
No full textThe exclusive discourse of the French party Front national is crystallized by the slogan "French people first" (les Français d'abord). At the same time xenophobia is transformed into a defence on national identity and cultural purity. The xenophobia of Front national is constructed upon two fundamental pillars which are the demands for national priority and the propagation of cultural difference. The ideology of Front national is based on preferentialism and hierarchy which are condensed in an apparently moderate form (préférence nationale). This article examines how the xenophobic rhetoric of Front national is built and how it works. It turns out that for Front national national preference is a kind of metaconcept from which a series of other concepts are logically derived. I will argue that the neoracism and culturalism of Front national form a new, relatively popular discursive system which exploits language and its ambiguity
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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