1,721,187 research outputs found
Have You Made Up Your Story? The Effect of Suspicion and Liars’ Strategies on Reality Monitoring Scores
No full textThe effect of informing liars about Criteria-Based Content Analysis on their ability to deceive CBCA-raters
No full textAs soon as liars realize that evaluators use CBCA to assess the credibility of their statements, it is possible that liars will gain knowledge of CBCA and try to 'improve' their statements in order to make an honest impression on CBCA-judges. The present experiment investigated to what extent liars are capable of doing this. In all, 45 participants were randomly allocated to one of the following three conditions: a truth telling condition in which participants were asked to recall a videotaped event which they had just seen; an uninformed deception condition in which participants who had only been given guidelines about the content of the videotaped event were asked to recall the event as though they had seen the videotape; and an informed deception condition in which participants received information about CBCA before they were asked to pretend that they had seen the videotape. CBCA-raters scored the accounts and a comparison was made between the total CBCA-scores of the three conditions. The study also examined the extent to which CBCA-assessments could correctly classify truthful and deceptive accounts, first by means of a discriminant analysis (with the total CBCA-score as dependent variable) and secondly by asking a British CBCA-expert to judge the veracity of the statements. The results indicated that liars are capable of influencing CBCA-assessments. First, the CBCA-scores of liars who were informed about CBCA were similar to the CBCA-scores of truth tellers and significantly higher than the CBCA-scores of liars who were not informed about CBCA. Secondly, the objective status of the participant (truth teller vs. informed liar) could not be successfully predicted in a discriminant analysis on the basis of total CBCA-scores. Thirdly, statements of the majority of informed liars were assessed as truthful by a British CBCA-exper
The processes underlying lies: An empirical analysis of true and lie in an accountability context
No full textThe impact of deception and suspicion on different hand movements
No full textThe present experiment examined the relationship between different
types of discourse linked hand movements and deception. Hand gestures were
experimentally studied during truth telling and deception, and in situations with
either weak or strong suspicion. Participants (128 Italian psychology students) were
interviewed twice about the possession of an object. In one interview they were
asked to lie and in the other asked to tell the truth (veracity factor). In both conditions,
suspicion was raised after the interview: Participants were accused of lying by
the interviewer and asked to repeat their account a second time (suspicion factor).
Results indicate that lying was associated with a decrease in deictic gestures, and an
increase in metaphoric gestures (main effect of veracity). Also a decrease in selfadaptor
gestures was found. Strong suspicion was associated with an increase in
metaphoric, rhythmic, and deictic gestures and a decrease in self-adaptor,
emblematic, and cohesive gestures (main effect of suspicion). No interaction effect
was found
Observers’ performance at evaluating truthfulness when provided with comparable truth or small talk baselines
No full textResearch has shown that the comparable truth baseline technique outperforms the small talk with respect to the elicitation of cues to deception. However, their impact on observers’ accuracy has not been evaluated yet. In this experiment, participants (N = 74) watched ten interviews where senders either lied or told the truth about a set of tasks. Half of the interviews were conducted with a comparable truth baseline, the other half with a small talk baseline. As predicted, results showed that observers in the comparable truth baseline condition outperformed participants in the small talk baseline condition in terms of total accuracy rates. The article sheds light on the impact of the two baseline techniques in distinguishing truth-tellers from liars and discourages the use of a small talk baseline. It also provides insights for future studies
The impact of deception and suspicion on different hand movements.
No full textThe present experiment examined the relationship between different types of discourse linked hand movements and deception. Hand gestures were experimentally studied during truth telling and deception, and in situations with either weak or strong suspicion. Participants (128 Italian psychology students) were interviewed twice about the possession of an object. In one interview they were asked to lie and in the other asked to tell the truth (veracity factor). In both conditions, suspicion was raised after the interview: Participants were accused of lying by the interviewer and asked to repeat their account a second time (suspicion factor). Results indicate that lying was associated with a decrease in deictic gestures, and an increase in metaphoric gestures (main effect of veracity). Also a decrease in self-adaptor gestures was found. Strong suspicion was associated with an increase in metaphoric, rhythmic, and deictic gestures and a decrease in self-adaptor, emblematic, and cohesive gestures (main effect of suspicion). No interaction effect was found. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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