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Neurosurgical treatment of neurogenic bladder dysfunction
No full textNeuromodulation is an appealing technique that can be applied to pediatric neurogenic bladder dysfunction. In this chapter we review pathophysiology, clinics, radiological and neurophysiologycal work-up together with surgical techniques of neuromodulation applied to pediatric neurogenic bladder dysfunction
Metalloproteinases-9 and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associtated Lipocalin Plasma and Tissue Levels Evaluation in Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms
No full textBackground. Cerebral aneurysms are relatively common
in adults, with a prevalence ranging between 1% and 5%. Subarachnoid hemorrhage, following aneurismal rupture,
is a major cause of death and disability in these patients.
Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and Neutrophil Gelatinase- Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) seem to be involved in the pathogenesis and in the clinical course of aneurysms. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between tissue and
plasma levels of MMP-9 and NGAL in patient with ruptured
and unruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms. Methods.
An open label study was conducted on 7 patients with middle cerebral aneurysms. Three patients had ruptured aneurysms (Group I) and four patients had unruptured aneurysms (Group II). All patients underwent aneurysm clipping. Plasma levels of MMP-9 and NGAL were evaluated through ELISA Test. During the surgery, biopsies of the aneurysmatic arteries were taken and frozen ( 80°C) for Western blot evaluation of MMPs and NGAL expression. Four healthy volunteers (Group III) represented the control group for ELISA testing. Results. Both plasma MMP-9 and NGAL levels were significantly high in aneurysmatic patients respect to those of control patients, and these levels were higher (P 0.01) in patients with ruptured aneurysms respect to patients with unruptured aneurysms (P 0.01). The latest findings were similarly evident in tissue evaluation of MMP-9 and NGAL between ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. Conclusion. This study suggests that MMP-9 and NGAL plasma levels may be useful to predict the clinical course of a cerebral aneurysms in order to evaluate the progression of the disease and the tendency of an aneurysm to rupture
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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