1,721,167 research outputs found
Advances in exercise physiology and pathophysiology
No full textOver the past two decades, technology and innovation have advanced the field of sport and exercise physiology. Noninvasive imaging techniques such as near-infrared spectroscopy, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, MRI, impedance cardiography and optoelectronic plethysmography have deepened our understanding of exercise physiology, benefiting athletic populations to optimise performance and recovery, as well as clinical populations to understand mechanisms of limitation and develop novel therapeutic targets. The rapid acceleration in wearable technology development has enhanced the ability to monitor a range of human physiological parameters in a continuous, real-time and nonintrusive manner across health and disease. Wearable technology aids athletes in monitoring training load and recovery to enhance performance, supports health management in the general population, and offers personalised medicine opportunities for those with long-term conditions including chronic respiratory disease. Despite this, extensive clinical trials are needed to demonstrate the validity, reliability and clinical relevance of digital biomarkers in chronic respiratory disease for regulatory and clinical endorsement
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Safety, feasibility and efficacy of exercise as an airway clearance technique in cystic fibrosis - a randomised pilot feasibility trial
No full textObjectives: To test the feasibility and safety of exercise as an airway clearance technique (ExACT) for people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) versus usual care (UC). Methods: Dual-site, two-arm randomised pilot trial. Fifty pwCF (≥10 years, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1) ≥40% predicted), stable on Elexacaftor/ Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor, were recruited, of whom 48 were randomly assigned (1:1 with minimisation) to daily ExACT (stopping all other airway clearance techniques) or UC. Feasibility was measured by recruitment, retention and adherence against preset progression criteria. Key measures of safety and signals of efficacy included spirometry (FEV 1), lung clearance index (LCI 2.5), pulmonary exacerbations, physical activity, treatment burden and quality of life across 28 days. Qualitative interview data and preliminary health economic data were also collected. Findings: ExACT was safe over 28 days, measured by change in LCI 2.5 (ExACT −0.1 (0.6) vs UC 0.2 (0.8), mean (SD)) and FEV 1 (ExACT +2.1 (6.6) vs UC −0.8 (5.5), % predicted mean (SD)). Relative (ExACT/UC) differences of 0.97 (0.92, 1.02) for LCI 2.5 and absolute differences (ExACT-UC) of 3.2 (−0.6, 6.9) % predicted for FEV 1 suggest potential intervention efficacy. Few adverse events were reported; none serious. Recruitment and retention data suggest progression to a definitive trial, with 48/117 (41% of approached) randomised, 45/48 (92%) completing the study and a 60% overall adherence rate. Discussion: Testing of our primary hypothesis within a feasibility trial showed ExACT to be a safe, acceptable and feasible intervention for pwCF. These data support advancement to a definitive, longer-term, multisite trial evaluating the safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness of ExACT, following minor refinement.</p
- …
