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МОДЕРНИЗАЦИЯ КОНСТИТУЦИИ РОССИИ (К ИТОГАМ ОБСУЖДЕНИЯ В СВЯЗИ С 25-ЛЕТИЕМ)
Get PDFA quarter of a century has passed since the adoption of the Constitution of the Russian Federation by a national referendum. The jubilee gives a reason to talk about the optimality of constitutional provisions, their effectiveness, and somewhere practical expediency. The article aims to analyze the points of view expressed in this regard in the scientific press, newspaper periodicals and other media. However, the author first refers to the history of the emergence of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993. It is noted that the Basic Law, on the one hand, was a result of military-political compromise between supporters of the parliamentary vision of the future structure of the country and supporters of a strong presidential power, on the other hand, allowed ultimately abolish the Soviet system and traditions. The mentioned situation and the factor of haste and hurry could not but affect the content and technical and legal quality of the document. The author has reduced the opinions expressed on the issue of modernization of the Constitution of the Russian Federation to three main positions: 1) The Constitution has not exhausted its potential and there is no reason to change its text; 2) a full-fledged constitutional reform is required, the current Constitution has exhausted its potential; 3) there is a need for precise partial changes and additions that can improve the Constitution. The article argues that the last position of the so-called precise partial changes is the most productive and allows to make the constitutional document adequate and relevant. In this regard, it is proposed to hold several round tables at the initial stage on the development of concepts for improving the constitutional foundations. One of them, the author calls promising and offers to prepare a list of proposals for the removal of ideologically and actually not confirmed in practical life provisions. These are provisions about Legal State (excluding the principle of separation of state power), Welfare State, etc. Another concept that also needs to be developed is institutional (the concept of the legal status of public authorities, their powers, checks and balances, etc.). These ideas, the author believes, should be a compromise between scientists, then become public and be implemented in the practice of constitutional construction.Прошло четверть века с момента принятия Конституции Российской Федерации всенародным референдумом. Юбилей дает повод порассуждать об оптимальности конституционных положений, их эффективности, а где-то и практической целесообразности. В статье поставлена задача проанализировать высказанные в этой связи точки зрения в научной печати, газетной периодике и других средствах массовой информации. Однако прежде автор уделяет внимание истории появления Конституции РФ 1993 года. Отмечается, что Основной Закон, с одной стороны, явился военно-политическим компромиссом между сторонниками парламентского видения устройства страны в будущем и сторонниками сильной президентской власти, с другой стороны, позволил полностью распрощаться с советскими строем и традициями. Данная ситуация и фактор торопливости, спешности не могли не повлиять на содержательное и технико-юридическое качество документа. Высказанные мнения по вопросу модернизации Конституции России автор свел к трем позициям: 1) Конституция не исчерпала своих возможностей, и трогать ее текст нет оснований; 2) необходима полноценная конституционная реформа, действующая Конституция свой потенциал исчерпала; 3) необходимы «точечные» изменения и дополнения, способные улучшить Конституцию. В статье аргументируется, что последняя позиция так называемых точечных изменений - наиболее продуктивна и позволяет конституционный документ сделать адекватным и актуальным. В этой связи на первоначальном этапе предлагается провести несколько «круглых столов» по вопросу выработки концепций совершенствования конституционных основ. Одну из них автор называет перспективной и предлагает подготовить перечень предложений по изъятию идеологически и фактически не подтвердивших себя в практической жизни положений. Речь идет о правовом государстве (исключая принцип разделения государственной власти), социальном государстве и т.д. Другую концепцию, которую также необходимо разработать, - это институциональную (концепцию статуса властей, их полномочий и баланса и др.). Данные идеи, считает автор, должны быть компромиссом между учеными, затем стать достоянием общественности и реализовываться в практику конституционного строительства
Методологические проблемы современной теории права
No full textThis article is devoted to the analysis of the reasons for the appearance of proposals for new cognitive methodologies in jurisprudence, the denial of Hegel's dialectics, Marx's materialistic approach, etc. The author believes that the reason for this is the dominance of liberal thinking in the humanities, including jurisprudence. The historical type of thinking, which is liberal, turns any ideology into a system of views on the role and significance of social, economic and other relations. One of the characteristic features of liberal ideology is the denial of existing values, ideas, accumulated knowledge. The liberal approach is an essential feature of the modern theory of law, the worldview of its development. Liberal thinking also denies the established values. In this connection it became popular to deny the dialectics of Hegel, the materialism of Marx's social development, the classical types of legal understanding, the system of sources of law, their traditional division, etc. Meanwhile there is an emphasis in the article on the following rule: what was achieved by domestic jurisprudence and convincingly proved is still actual. The author interprets Marx's ideas about the state, the individual and the state from his early works, which modern legal science does not comprehend or simply ignores. The principles of Hegel's dialectics are illustrated, while it is proved that this knowledge does not only correspond to that moment, but also very important and necessary for modern society. In the light of what was said the new methodologies in the theory of law proposed by young authors are rather sharply criticized. This is the so-called paradigmatic approach. The author believes that the replacement of scientific paradigms is a natural phenomenon for legal and other sciences. The so-called “drastic” change in scientific paradigms proposed in the 70th years of the last century by American scientists is not possible in the humanities. Following these ideas is wrong and unpromising. Criticism is subjected to synergistic, phenomenological and other ideas of new methodological foundations in the theory of law and the state. Synergetics is nothing more than a long-known technique in the system approach that can not claim an independent methodology. Proposals for a “global” role in the scientific knowledge of phenomenological methodology are also unsuccessful. Essentially, these are axiological principles and methods of cognition. The article states that liberal thinking and liberal ideology are the main phenomena in social and scientific life. Is it good or bad? Undoubtedly, it is good, for this is a condition necessary for scientific creativity. But the freedom of creativity is not a sword that can destroy everything, including such immutable authorities as Hegel, Marx, etc. The author also believes that the Soviet jurisprudence left the deep resources of knowledge, including the methodology. This does not mean that there is no need to seek new methodological approaches. The movement and development of the methodological toolkit must go forward. But this does not mean that the proposed “new methodologies” are capable of “restoring our worldview”, as well as the fact that the dialectical approach can only “supplement” advanced methodologies, etc. Such value as liberalism in all its manifestations presupposes the personal responsibility of the scientist, the principle of careful attitude to the existing knowledge, prudence and reasoning of the new provisions. Moreover, in cases of fundamental knowledge, such as Hegel's dialectic, the materialism of Karl Marx and others, liberalism requires manifestation and adaptation in the domestic theory of law.Автор статьи анализирует причины появления предложений, обосновывающих новые методологии познания в правоведении и отрицающих диалектику Гегеля, материалистический подход Маркса и др. Причиной этому является господство либерального мышления в гуманитарных науках, в том числе в правоведении. Исторический тип мышления, коим является либеральное, превращает ту или иную идеологию в систему взглядов на роль и значение общественных, экономических и иных отношений. Одной из характерных черт либеральной идеологии является отрицание существующих ценностей, идей, накопленных знаний. Между тем автор интерпретирует идеи Маркса о личности и государстве из его ранних работ, которые современной юридической наукой не осмысливаются или попросту игнорируются. Иллюстрируются принципы диалектики Гегеля, где доказывается, что этот арсенал знаний не только не устарел, но и важен и нужен современному обществу. Острой критике подвергаются предлагаемые новые методологии в теории права. Речь идет о так называемом парадигмальном подходе. Автор считает, что смена научных парадигм - естественное явление для правовой и других наук. Так называемая резкая смена научных парадигм в гуманитарных науках невозможна. Критике подвергаются синергетические, феноменологические и другие идеи новых методологических основ в теории права и государства. Констатируется, что либеральное мышление и либеральная идеология - господствующие феномены в общественной и научной жизни. Однако либерализм во всех его проявлениях предполагает личную ответственность ученого, принцип бережного отношения к существующим знаниям, осмотрительность и аргументированность новых положений
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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