1,721,058 research outputs found
5' and 3' RACE Method to Obtain Full-Length 5' and 3' Ends of Ciona robusta Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factors Mif1 and Mif2 cDNA
No full textThe 5' and 3' RACE is a method to obtain full-length 5' and 3' ends of cDNA using known cDNA sequences from expressed sequence tags (ESTs), subtracted cDNA, differential display, or library screening. Here is described the identification of full-length 5' and 3' ends of Ciona robusta Mif1 and Mif2 cDNA by using 5' and 3' RACE metho
Identification of CPE and GAIT elements in 3’UTR of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) involved in inflammatory response induced by LPS in Ciona robusta
No full textInnate immune responses face infectious microorganisms by inducing inflammatory responses. Multiple genes
within distinct functional categories are coordinately and temporally regulated by transcriptional ‘on’ and ‘off’
switches that account for the specificity of gene expression in response to external stimuli. Mechanisms that
control transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation are important in coordinating the initiation and resolution
of inflammation. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an important cytokine that, in Ciona
robusta, is related to inflammatory response. It is well known that in C. robusta, formerly known as Ciona intestinalis,
the pharynx is involved in the inflammatory reaction induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in
the body wall. Using this biological system, we describe the identification of two C. robusta MIFs (CrMIF1 and
CrMIF2). The phylogenetic tree and modeling support a close relationship with vertebrate MIF family members.
CrMIF1 and CrMIF2 possess two evolutionally conserved catalytic sites: a tautomerase and an oxidoreductase
site with a conserved CXXC motif. Real-time PCR analysis shows a prompt expression induced by LPS inoculation
in CrMIF1 and a late upregulation of CrMIF2 and in silico analyses of 3’UTR show a cis-acting GAIT element and a
CPE element in 3’-UTR, which are not present in the 3’-UTR of CrMIF1, suggesting that different transcriptional
and post-transcriptional control mechanisms are involved in the regulation of gene expression of MIF during
inflammatory response in C. robusta
Biological activities of the extracts from macroalgae Carpodesmia crinita, Carpodesmia brachycarpa, Asparagopsis taxiformis
No full textMarine species represent a rich source of biologically active products that can be used in various fields. Among them, marine algae produce numerous secondary metabolites responsible for different biological activities such as: immunomodulatory [1], antioxidant [2], and antimicrobial [3]. The aim of
this study was chemically characterizing the extracts of three macroalgae species: Carpodesmia crinite (Duby) Orellana & Sansón, 2019, Carpodesmia brachycarpa (J. Agardh) Orellana & Sansón 2019, Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan 1845 and evaluate their biological activities. The characterization of the secondary metabolites was performed by HPLC-MS and the results obtained showed higher meroterpenoids levels. Moreover, the extracts tested against the Arbacia lixula sea
urchin modulate the total and differential cellular count demonstrating their involvement in immunity responses. Furthermore, important antimicrobial activities were observed by testing these extracts against the bacterial strains Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. For the first time our study shows the effects of macroalgae extracts on the immunomodulatory activity in Arbacia
lixula sea urchin and important antimicrobial activity. The results obtained, although preliminary, are certainly encouraging and our purpose is also improved this information performing biochemical and molecular assays of extracts obtained to understand better the potential that these metabolites have towards the sea urchin Arbacia lixula that graze on these macroalga
Separated hemocyte populations from the ascidian Ciona intestinalis contain and release in vitro opsonizingCa++-independent and β-galactoside specific lectins
Full text linkGene expression and regulation of molecules involved in pharynx inflammatory response induced by LPS in Ciona intestinalis
Full text linkIn the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, the pharynx (hemopoietic organ) connects the external
environment to the gastrointestinal system for two main activities, respiration and food collection,
potentially exposing the ascidian to high concentrations of pathogenic microorganisms. Recently,
evidence in C. intestinalis has indicated that the pharynx is involved in the inflammatory reaction
induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection into the body wall. Immune-related genes such as
cytokines, galectins, pro-PO, CAP are expressed in pharynx hemocytes and are up-regulated by the
inflammatory agent LPS. Studies of the expression pattern of the immune gene clearly show that in C.
intestinalis, as in vertebrates, immune gene expression can be regulated through Alternative
Polyadenylation (APA) Mechanism and GAIT element al 3’UTR
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
II Scientific meeting of the Italian Ascidiologists, 30 june-1 july 2008, Department of Animal Biology, University of Palermo.
No full textAppropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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