1,720,962 research outputs found
GENETIC SCREENING OF RET CAN IDENTIFY NEW MUTATIONS EVEN AFTER 20 YEARS
No full textObjectives: In the last 20 years we performed RET genetic screening in more than 1000 hereditary or sporadic MTC patients.
Methods: RET analysis was performed in constitutive and/or somatic DNA by direct sequencing. TA cloning was performed to characterize new mutations and deletions. Site-directed mutagenesis, focus formation and soft agar assays were performed to test in vitro the activity of new mutations. The Align GVGD program was employed for the in silico analysis.
Results: we identified 3 new RET alterations. The first was a 7bp “somatic” in frame deletion in exon 11 encompassing codon 629-631. The second showed the simultaneous presence of a “somatic” E616Q mutation in exon 10 and a “somatic” C630G mutation in exon 11 on different alleles. Moreover, in the same patient, we found an alternative splicing causing the in frame skip of exon 10 in the allele carrying the C630G mutation. The third alteration was a new “germline” mutation (E632K, exon 11) and was found in an apparently sporadic MTC. According to the in vitro and in silico tests, both E616Q and E632K RET mutations were not transforming while the C630G RET mutation showed a high transforming activity.
Conclusions: 1) RET genetic screening should be performed by sequencing analysis in all MTC patients to detect also new RET mutations that would be missed when looking only at the “hot spot” mutations; 2) all new mutations must be evaluated by in silico and/or in vitro analysis to define their transforming ability since in some cases they may be inactive mutations
WHOLE EXOME SEQUENCING OF MEDULLARY THYROID CARCINOMA CASES IDENTIFIES 86 VARIATIONS IN GENES POSSIBLY INVOLVED IN TUMORAL TRANSFORMATION
No full textObjectives: About 40% of sporadic Medullary Thyroid Carcinomas (MTC) is still orphan of an oncogenic driver. Purpose of this study was to disclose novel genetic alterations leading to the pathogenesis of MTC using Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) of RET+ and RET- cases.
Methods: WES analysis was performed on 6 sporadic MTC cases (2 RET+, 4 RET-) using an Illumina platform. After processing and proper filtering, all non-synonymous Single Nucleotide Variations (SNV) shared by the RET- cases were listed. Validation on 135 MTC cases and 189 healthy controls by PCR and enzymatic restriction analysis was performed in one of the genes of interest identified through WES.
Results: WES analysis led to the identification of a panel of 86 non-synonymous SNV shared in the 4 RET- cases and possibly involved in tumoral transformation process. Among the 86 SNV identified, the A133S polymorphism of the RASSF1A oncosuppressor appeared to be of interest. We found A133S in 21/135 (15.6%) MTC cases and in 19/189 (10%) healthy controls (P=0.137). The incidence of A133S appeared to be slightly lower in RET mutated MTC [9/64 (14%)] than in not-mutated [12/71 (17%)], although not statistically significant.
Conclusions: Through WES analysis we were able to identify 86 non-synonymous SNV shared in RET- MTC cases. This panel represents the first list of variations containing hypothetically novel genetic drivers involved in MTC oncogenesis. The prevalence of the A133S SNP was found to be higher in MTC cases compared to healthy controls (15.6% vs 10%) although not statistically significant. Further validation of other candidate genes is on-going
AFTER 20 YEARS, RET GENETIC SCREENING STILL INDENTIFIES NEW GERMILINE AND SOMATIC MUTATIONS
No full textObjectives: In the last 20 years we performed RET genetic screening in more than 1000 MTC patients either hereditary or sporadic.
Methods: RET genetic screening was performed in DNA extracted from blood and/or tissue by direct sequencing. TA cloning was performed to characterize new mutations and deletions. Site-directed mutagenesis, focus formation and soft agar assays were performed to test in vitro the activity of the new mutations. The Align GVGD program was employed for the in silico analysis.
Results: in the last year we identified 3 MTC patients with new RET alterations. The first case had a 7bp “somatic” in frame deletion in exon 11 encompassing codon 629-631. The second case showed the simultaneous presence of a “somatic” E616Q mutation in exon 10 and a “somatic” C630G mutation in exon 11 on different alleles. Moreover, in the same patient, we found an alternative splicing causing the in frame skip of exon 10 in the allele carrying the C630G mutation. The third case harboured a new “germline” mutation (E632K in exon 11) although the MTC was apparently sporadic. According to the in vitro and the in silico tests, both E616Q and E632K RET mutations were not transforming while the C630G RET mutation showed a high transforming activity.
Conclusions: 1) RET genetic screening should be performed by sequencing analysis in all MTC patients to detect also new RET mutations that would be missed when looking only at the “hot spot” mutations; 2) all new mutations must be evaluated by in silico and/or in vitro analysis to define their transforming ability since in some cases they may be inactive mutations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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