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    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Advanced Material Thermomechanical Modelling of Shape Memory Alloys Applied to Automotive Design

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    This study introduces an innovative approach to enhancing aerodynamic efficiency in automotive applications by exploiting shape memory alloy technology. To this end, a thorough investigation of the thermomechanical behaviour of these alloys was conducted in the paper. Using a UMAT subroutine, the pseudoelastic effect and the shape memory effect of these smart materials were analysed numerically simultaneously, allowing accurate predictions of their behaviour under different loads, and facilitating the design and optimization of devices and systems based on SMAs. Therefore, the article proposes an innovative solution to optimize aerodynamic efficiency by using a Grille Shutter with variable openings. The Active Grille Shutter uses a bistable SMA actuator, allowing two optimal opening positions for specific load conditions. These actuators hold two stable states without energy consumption, ensuring efficient and reliable operation and allowing rapid transitions between the two states, making them ideal for applications that require timely responses. By using this specially designed and numerically analysed system, it has been confirmed that suitably dimensioned shape memory springs can guarantee a movement of the blades of the 90°, allowing an improvement in vehicle efficiency of about 4% at a speed of 140 km/h
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