1,720,958 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Cerebellar dysplasias : structural functional correlations
No full textLa dysplasie cérébelleuse est une anomalie du développement tissulaire intéressant principalement le cervelet et résultant en une anomalie focale ou diffuse de son architecture macroscopique et microscopique. Plusieurs travaux antérieurs ont bien documenté sa caractérisation morphologique à l'imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM). Cependant, le retentissement de cette malformation, parfois associée à d'autres anomalies développementales du système nerveux central (SNC), sur le développement et le fonctionnement cognitifs est mal connu et peu documenté. Dans le but d'étudier les corrélations anatomo-fonctionnelles de cette pathologie constitutionnelle du cervelet, par le biais de l'approche des altérations neuropsychologiques, génétiques et, fonctionnelles associées, ainsi que par l'approche neuroanatomique, nous avons dirigé nos travaux dans quatre axes principaux et sur trois types de population distinctes. Le premier axe a concerné l'évaluation du profil neuropsychologique et du suivi chez dix enfants porteurs d'une dysplasie cérébelleuse isolée (DCI). Nous avons pu observer chez ces enfants une grande diversité de l'expression neuropsychologique de la DCI, depuis l'efficience normale jusqu'au retard mental sévère, sans corrélation avec le degré de dysplasie. D'autre part, au cours du suivi de ces enfants, nous avons observé une hétérogénéité d'évolution à caractère imprédictible, avec l'émergence des certaines fonctions dans l'axe du langage notamment. Le deuxième axe a porté sur l'investigation fonctionnelle du SNC par l'étude de la consommation cérébrale du fluorodeoxyglucose par Tomographie à émission de positons (TEP-FDG) chez six enfants porteurs d'une DCI. Les résultats ont montré, au sein du cervelet, un aspect normal dans les dysplasies mineures (limitées au vermis), un hypométabolisme des zones dysplasiques (corrélé à l'extension anatomique), et un isométabolisme au cortex dans les hétérotopies. Toutefois, ces anomalies de captation du glucose n'étaient pas corrélées au dysfonctionnement cognitif. Le troisième axe était d'approcher les corrélations génétiques, dans l'hypothèse d'un lien physiopathologique embryologique entre le cerveau et le cervelet, dans les dysplasies cérébelleuses associées (DCA) aux Lissencéphalies (cerveaux lisses). La caractérisation génétique relativement bien définie des Lissencéphalies nous a permis d'identifier des gènes de la migration neuronale et axonale (RELN et VLDRL) comme étant significativement associés aux dysplasies cérébelleuses, en dehors des dystrophies musculaires congénitales impliquant les gènes de la O-glycosylation. Le quatrième axe a été de rechercher chez des volontaires sains les marqueurs neuroanatomiques potentiels des altérations cognitives dans les dysplasies cérébelleuses, partant de l'hypothèse selon laquelle, une malformation isolée du cervelet induirait des anomalies anatomiques détectables en imagerie par tenseur de diffusion (DTI), sur les voies de projections cérébello-corticales, vraisemblablement impliquées dans la contribution du cervelet au développement et à l'exécution des fonctions supérieures. Ce travail nous a permis d'individualiser et de quantifier les projections cérébello-corticales préfrontales et pariétales chez tous les sujets sains.Cerebellar dysplasia is a developmental anomaly involving mainly the cerebellum, resulting in a focal or diffuse macroscopic and microscopic disruption of the tissue architecture. Previous studies have well documented the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of this malformation. However, the impact of cerebellar dysplasia, which may be associated with other developmental anomalies of the central nervous system (CNS), on the cognitive development and function, is ill known and poorly documented. We aimed to study the structural functional correlations in this cerebellar malformation, by investigating the neuropsychological, genetic and, functional disturbances associated as well as the neuroanatomical approach. Our work was conducted in 4 directions including 3 different populations. First, we assessed the neuropsychological profile and the follow-up of children with isolated cerebellar dysplasia (ICD). We observed I this population a wide range of neuropsychological expression of ICD, from normal efficiency to severe mental retardation, without no correlation with the degree of dysplasia. Moreover, during the follow-up of these children, we noticed the unpredictable heterogeneity of the cognitive evolution with the emergence in some cases of certain function such as language. Secondly, we investigated the CNS function using fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in six children with ICD. The results showed within the cerebellum a normal aspect in patients with minor dysplasia (restricted to the vermis), a hypometabolism in dysplastic zones (correlating with the anatomical extent), and a metabolism similar to that of the cortex in heterotopias. Nevertheless, these functional disturbances were not correlated with neuropsychological impairement. Thirdly, we attempted to investigate the genetic abnormalities leading to the embryology physiopathology basis of cerebellar dysplasias associated (CDA) with Lissencephalies (smooth brain). The quite well characterized genetics of human brain lissencephalies have allowed us to identify some genes involved in the neuronal and axonal migration process (RELN and VLDLR) to be significantly associated with cerebellar dysplasia, not including CDA in muscular dystrophy syndromes related to O-glycosylation defects. Fourthly, we aimed to find in normal volunteers the neuroanatomical potential markers of cognitive disturbances associated with cerebellar dysplasia, on the hypothesis that an isolated cerebellar malformation could induce some anomalies on the pathways of cerebello-cortical projections, detectable by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). These pathways are presumably involved in the cerebellar implication in higher functions. This work has allowed us to visualize and quantify selectively the cerebello-cortical projections to the prefrontal and parietal cortices in the normal human brain. Thus, our overall results have permitted: (i) to clearly assess the neuropsychological disturbances associated with ICD and their heterogeneity, both at the time of diagnosis and at the follow-up, (ii) to correlate the cerebellar dysplasia to brain glucose uptake differences and subsequently to brain dysfunction, (iii) to suggest some precise genetic analyses in neuronal and axonal migration pathways, and eventually, (iv) to obtain some anatomical markers which we can apply to dysplastic patients in order to assess the putative disruption of cerebello-cortical projections. Thereby, our results have opened numerous perspectives in applying advanced anatomical and functional neuroimaging techniques to the cerebellar dysplastic patients
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
