1,697 research outputs found
Pietro Verri’s Contribution to the Economic Theory of the 18th Century: Commercial Society, Civil Society and Governance of the Economy
No full text'Count Pietro Verri (1728-97) - Schumpeter writes (History, p. 178) - - would have to be included in any list of the greatest economists'. Within the Milanese school, he certainly stands out, alongside with Cesare Beccaria, during one of the most interesting periods from a history of analysis point of view. Luigi Cossa's famous introduction to the study of political economy rates Pietro Verri to be inferior to Beccaria in ingenuity and scientific cultivation, but greatly to be ahead of him as an economist.1 This judgement by Cossa, in particular, seems to echo the relative position of the two men in the history of ideas, particularly after Beccaria's rise to fame with a book - On crimes and punishments - which had in fact been largely inspired by Verri himself and defended by him.2 It is proposed in the present paper to revisit some of the basic tenets of Pietro Verri's political economy, with more in view than dwell on specific intuitions and theorems: namely relate those to Verri's own - quite original - conception of the economy. The scholarly work of Pietro Verri - with a special reference to his Meditazioni sulla economia politica of 1771 - provides the first systematic contribution stemming from the quarters of Lombard enlightenment in the field of political economy, especially so if one considers that Cesare Beccaria's parallel work - namely his Elementi di economia pubblica, conceived and drafted at the same time as Verri's Meditazioni - would only be published posthumously several years later. From the vantage point afforded by Verri's political economy, we gain a considerably attractive view of the most significant elements and characteristic concepts of Lombard enlightenment during the latter half of the 18th century; Verri, moreover, as we shall see, builds on a number of them in a new and original way. This paper is aimed at discussing Verri's political economy mainly along two distinct, but related, lines. In the first place the conception of commercial society is considered such as it is treated by the author particularly in his Meditazioni. In this perspective the analysis of such issues as competition and the market or money and taxation occupy a central place. Secondly it will be necessary to emphasise that Verri's approach has little to do either with forms of pure economics on one side - largely yet to be born throughout the 18th century - or, on the other side, with such conceptions of the polis - contrariwise well alive among his own contemporaries - as are founded on a sovereign authority conceived to be situated above the law. What Verri's political economy ultimately amounts to is an economic conception of civil society. The latter has natural strong connections with his own fact-mindedness - emphasised by Schumpeter - as well as with his deep practical involvement in administrative affairs and in the reforming process taking place during the latter half of the 18th century in Milan. In our view, a thorough investigation along the mentioned lines is the precondition for an understanding of the intellectual stature and of the scholarly contribution of Pietro Verri. His main ground is distinctly analytical and only by appreciating his analysis is it possible to shed light on the meaning and intellectual significance also of his practical contributions. Moreover Verri's pronouncements on the criticism of despotic government, the relevance of intermediate powers or bodies and on multiple levels of governance will be examined in a new and original light, showing how close they are to the gist of his analysis.
Interaction between neutral beam fast particles and plasma in fusion experiments
No full textNeutral beam injection (NBI) is one of the most used and reliable methods to heat plasmas in magnetically confined fusion devices. NBI is used in most of the present experiments, it will be used as dominant auxiliary power system in ITER experiment and studies are ongoing for DEMO reactor preconceptual designs with neutral beam (NB) systems. NBI is an essential actuator for plasma scenarios in terms of heating and driven current. This thesis presents the work performed during the 3 years of my Ph.D.. It focuses on numerical studies of the interaction between energetic particles coming from NBI and magnetically confined hot plasmas. The main aspects discussed in this thesis are the neutral beam ionization, fast ion confinement, fast ion losses, power deposition and driven current. A brief discussion of NBI as fuelling source is also presented. NBI modelling tools have been applied to study different devices with dominant NB power: the largest tokamak in operation (JET), the largest helical device in operation (LHD) and DEMO tokamak reactor concept. Detailed modelling of NBI by means of a Monte Carlo orbit following code has been provided for JET discharge analyses. A predictive simulation aimed at reconstructing the ion temperature profile with strong ion heating from NBI has been performed, resulting in a reliable prediction when the experimental measurement was not available due to a diagnostic fault. JET NBI-plasma interaction has been studied by predictive simulations for H discharges starting from reference D discharges in support of JET isotope studies. The isotopic change and the consequent effect on NBI-plasma interaction has been discussed also for LHD helical device, where studies in preparation of future D experiments (instead of H) are ongoing. NBI is one of the options as additional power system for a demonstrative fusion power plant (DEMO), and a pre-conceptual design of the reactor is ongoing within EUROfusion activities. DEMO scenario simulations have been carried out both for pulsed and steady-state concepts. The role of NBI as dominant heating and current drive system has been investigated by sensitivity studies, comparisons with other heating systems and transport investigations of transient phases (plasma ramp-up and ramp-down)
About twin primes and distribution of primes
No full textThis paper give us a demonstration of twin primes conjecture using approximation of function �(iupsilon) that we introduce in section 6. Section 1-5 give us introduction to terminology and a clarification on (iupsilon) terms. In particular section
5 is really important because of its Lemma. Section 7 reassume foregoing explanations and it give us two theorems and one corollary;the theorem 7.2 give us exact approximation of twin primes counting function
Intrusione ortodontica di incisivo in paziente adulto affetto da grave perdita di supporto parodontale.
No full textDifferential Expression in Endometriosis Tissue versus Endometrium of the Uterine Adenogenesis Factors PRL-R, GH, IGF1, and IGF2
No full textEndometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial glandular and stromal structures outside the uterine cavity. It is an inflammatory estrogen dependent disease characterized by gene polymorphisms. This is a very frequent pathology and represents one of the most important causes of infertility, as well as having an important level of morbidity in patients. Recently, an alteration of the processes of organogenesis of the uterus has been proposed as a pathogenetic mechanism of endometriosis. In this article we have compared the expression in deep endometriotic lesions and in normal endometrial tissue of some of the molecular factors known to be involved in the embryonic development of the uterine glands. In detail, we found by immunohistochemistry a significant higher expression both for epithelium and stroma in the controls respect to the endometriosis samples for insulin growth factor 1 (IGF1) and IGF2, whereas for the prolactin receptor (PRL-R), this result was detected only for the epithelium. On the other hand, we found for growth hormone (GH) a significant higher expression in the epithelium of endometriosis samples respect to the controls. The correlation data generated can give indications on some of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the adenogenesis and survival of endometriosis structures outside of the uterus
Anonymus, Rezension von: Pietro Santi Bartoli, "Colonna Traiana, eretta dal Senato e Popolo Romano all'Imperatore Traiano Augusto nel suo foro in Roma. Scolpita con l'historie della guerradacica, la prima e la seconda espeditione, e vittoria contro il re Decebalo. Nuovamente disegnata et intagliata da Pietro Santi Bartoli con l'espositione latina d'Alfonso Ciaccone, compendiata nella vulgare lingua sotto ciascuna immagine. Accresciuta di medaglie, inscrittioni e trofei da Gio. Pietro Bellori" (Roma [1672]), in: Giornale de’ letterati, 27. Februar 1673, pp. 13-21 (FONTES 14)
No full textTEN CONTEMPORARY REVIEWS OF BOOKS ON ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY BY GIOVAN PIETRO BELLORI IN THE GIORNALE DE’ LETTERATI, 1670-1680, NO. 2 A review of Pietro Santi Bartoli’s album of engravings after the spiral relief band of Trajan’s column in Rome, which includes Giovan Pietro Bellori’s translation of Alfons Chacon’s explications of the reliefs, first published in 1576. Chacon’s commentary was amended and corrected by Bellori at very many points. Engravings of relevant coins and inscriptions were added to the work. During the decade 1670-1680 ten reviews of books by Giovan Pietro Bellori that had appeared in the same years (1669-1680) were published in the Giornale de' letterati in Rome. These include Bellori's famous book of late sixteenth-seventeenth-century artists' 'Lives' (Vite de' pittori) as well as a number of significant archaeological publications treating numismatics, glyptics, sculpture, painting and Roman topography. Reviews and articles appeared in the Giornale unsigned, thus their author or authors cannot be determined with certainty. The discussions of Bellori's works are lengthy and penetrating; they underline the remarkable position he had attained in the world of seventeenth-century archaeological scholarship. The ten reviews will appear in separate instalments of FONTES (Bellori, 1-10)
Il sangue e l’oro. Venere gelosa come dramatis persona nelle Metamorfosi di Apuleio
No full textThe Venus that the reader meets in the Metamorphoses is the blending of several epic and drama characters who share a series of negative founding emotions: among others, jealousy. This work will examine these theatrical figures and the kind of jealousy – that of a goddess, of a woman, or a mother – that the author highlights each time. Furthermore, partly by analyzing the schemes of literary allusion, the paper will dwell upon the topic of repressed identity and upon the wounds that jealousy can cause within a character. Actually, among all the others, it is specifically this emotion that enables Apuleius to bring modernity and innovation into the myth of Aphrodite
Pietro Mascagni (19 janvier 1892)
No full textTranscript of PIETRO MASCAGNI by anonymous author, appearing in LE PETIT JOURNAL, 19 janvier 1892
Distribution network design in Large-Scale Retail Trade industry with K-means approach
No full textThe facility location problem, which aims to identify the best location to maximize or minimize a specific
objective function, is among the most studied problem in the operations and logistics research literature. In the largescale
retail trade (LSRT) industry, the distribution centres (DCs) location choice represents one of the most critical
decision to design an efficient distribution network; indeed, this strategic decision has significant effects on logistic
costs as well as on the effectiveness of distribution activities. In this paper we present a method for solving the facility
location problem in the LSRT industry using a combined k-means clustering cascaded with a local search algorithm,
finding the optimal balance between distribution costs on primary and secondary routes through 3 DCs. The approach
has been validated on the real case of a LSRT company operating on the entire Italian territory
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