1,720,964 research outputs found
Influence of the equivalent electric load strategy on energy demand forecasting
No full textIn recent years, interest in artificial intelligence has been increasing in the energy sector, with the aim of improving efficiency and decreasing overall consumption. Innovative methods such as pattern recognition, artificial neural networks or other machine learning methods are being investigated to improve the accuracy of forecasting. Moreover, a suitable operation strategy may improve the efficiency of energy systems. The electric equivalent load is an operation strategy proposed for systems where electricity and heat (or cooling) are requested simultaneously, and there is equipment such as a heat pump to cover the heating (or cooling) load. In this paper, the electric equivalent load is defined to cover both the electricity request of the user and the electricity consumption of the heat pump. Thus, the energy system follows the electric equivalent load to cover both electricity and heating/cooling requests. This study aims to analyse how the accuracy varies when forecasting energy requests (e.g. electricity and heat) separately with respect to forecasting directly the electric equivalent load. The results show that electric equivalent load forecasting averages the accuracy of electricity and heat, improving the operation system by decreasing the electricity demand from the grid and increasing energy production during peak hours
Effects of global financial crisis on medium-long term emission scenarios, in the perspective of air pollution and climate change
No full textEnhancement of energy generation efficiency in industrial facilities by SOFC – SOEC systems with additional hydrogen production
No full textIndustry is one of the highest energy consumption sector: some facilities like steelworks, foundries, or paper mills are highly energy-intensive activities. Many countries have already implemented subsidies on energy efficiency in generation and utilisation, with the aim of decreasing overall consumption and energy intensity of gross domestic product. Meanwhile, researchers have increased interest into alternative energy systems to decrease pollution and use of fossil fuels. Hydrogen, in particular, is proposed as a clean alternative energy vector, as it can be used as energy storage mean or to replace fossil fuels, e.g. for transport. This work analyses the re-vamping of the energy generation system of a paper mill by means of reversible solid oxide cells (RSOCs). The aim is not only to increase efficiency on energy generation, but also to create a polygeneration system where hydrogen is produced. Application on a real industrial facility, based in Italy with a production capacity of 60000 t/y of paper, is analysed. First, the current energy system is studied. Then, a novel system based on RSOC is proposed. Each component of the systems (both existing and novel) is defined using operational data, technical datasheet, or models defined with thermodynamic tools. Then, the interaction between them is studied. Primary energy analysis on the novel system is performed, and saving with respect to the current configuration is evaluated. Even if the complexity of the system increases, results show that saving occurs between 2 and 6%. Hydrogen generation is assessed, comparing the RSOC integrated system with proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis, in terms of both primary energy and economics. Results exhibit significant primary energy and good economic performance on hydrogen production with the novel system proposed (hydrogen cost decreases from 10 €/kg to at least 8 €/kg)
An innovative approach to design cogeneration systems based on big data analysis and use of clustering methods
No full textIn recent years, collecting energy consumption data is becoming easier and easier thanks to decreasing of cost of smart sensors. Moreover, capacity of analysis data using big data methods like machine learning and artificial intelligence is increasing. Such methods are expected to be useful to increase efficiency of energy systems. In this paper an innovative approach to design cogeneration systems based on big data analysis is developed. More specifically, a study on how cluster analysis could be applied to analyse energy consumption data is depicted. The aim of the method is to design cogeneration systems that suit more efficiently energy demand profiles, choosing the correct type of cogeneration technology, operation strategy and, if they are necessary, energy storages. In the first part of the paper, the methodology based on clustering to perform the analysis of the dataset is described. In the second part, a case study with cogenerators (a wood industry that requires low temperature heat to dry wood into steam-powered kilns) is analysed. An alternative cogeneration system is designed and proposed. Thermodynamics benchmarks are defined to evaluate differences between as-is and alternative scenarios. Results show that the proposed innovative method allows to choose a more suitable cogeneration technology compared to the adopted one, giving suggestions on the operation strategy in order to decrease energy losses and, consequently, primary energy consumption
Come aumentare l’efficienza energetica di uno stabilimento industriale con sistemi SOFC-SOEC
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Evaluation of ammonia emission reduction by nitrogen fertilizer use in Italy
No full textAmmonia emissions are one of the main causes of acidification and eutrophication processes, and one of the most important contributors to the formation of secondary PM. Recent studies identified ammonia emissions as a major air quality concern whose reduction represents an important goal for atmospheric pollution control. Volatilized ammonia can travel for miles from the site of origin and in Europe Nitrogen compound depositions are higher in areas with intensive agriculture. In this paper the ammonia emission reduction by Nitrogen fertilizer use and in particular by urea consumption has been investigated. Urea is widely used in Italy for its chemical and physical characteristics; at the year 2005 it represented the 44% of the total simple nitrogen fertilizers (ISTAT, 2006). To reduce the Nitrogen fertilizer use three different options, urea substitution, increasing urea use efficiency and decrease volatilization have been compared and evaluated in order to estimate their effects as potential options to mitigate emissions. © 2008 Page Press Publications
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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