1,720,957 research outputs found
Protection effects on fish, and comparison of two visual-census techniques in shallow artificial rocky habitats in the northern Adriatic Sea
No full textFish assemblages associated with shallow (4-7 in deep) artificial rocky habitats (i.e. breakwaters) have been assessed between July 2002 and September 2003, at the marine protected a rea of Miramare and adjacent areas outside the reserve (northern Adriatic sea). Our purpose was to: (1) detect possible differences between 'protected vs fished' breakwaters; and (2) compare two visual-census techniques for fish assessment (i.e. strip transects vs stationary points). The fish assemblages observed between protected and fished breakwaters during all four sampling periods were statistically different. More fish taxa were found at the protected than fished breakwaters, while there was no difference in total fish density. Most fish species targeted by fisheries had a greater density (e.g. Sciaena umbra, Dicentrarchus labrax, Sparus aurata, Diplodus vulgaris, Diplodus sargus and Diplodus puntazzo) and/or size (e.g. S. aurata and D. aunularis) at the protected than fished breakwaters. There was a significant difference in fish assemblages due to assessment method. In general, the number of taxa was greater when assessed by strip transects than stationary points. fish density was almost unaffected by the method used, while total density of demersal fish (i.e. excluding schooling species) tended to be greater when evaluated by strip transects, although the difference was statistically significant only in one sampling period out of four. These results indicate that protection from fishing may have the potential to influence fish assemblages associated with breakwaters. Additionally, caution should be used when comparing fish assemblage data collected by different visual assessment techniques
Colonial nesting and the importance of the brood size in male parasitic reproduction of the Mediterranean damselfish Chromis chromis (Pisces: Pomacentridae)
No full textWe investigated male parasitic spawning in a protected natural population of Mediterranean damselfish. Chromis chromis nested in colonies, inside which males showed a high variability in mating success. Our field observations indicate that the egg batches obtained by the most successful fish were five times bigger than the ones obtained by the less successful fish and many males never received ovipositions. On the other hand, reproductive parasitism was a common tactic within the colony. Successful nesting males sneaked into their neighbours' nests depending on the amount of eggs in their nest, with small clutch size inducing the males to parasitic reproduction. Males failing to receive egg depositions on their nests showed a significantly higher parasitism rate than successful males. Non-territorial males occupied stations in the water column above the breeding grounds and whenever the opportunity arose, they disrupted spawning in progress, stealing copulation with females. We observed that the likelihood of males being parasitized by sneakers was not correlated with the size of their own clutch; on the contrary, it depended both on the number of neighbouring nests and on the number of neighbouring males with barren nests (i.e. unsuccessful males). No correlation was found between parasitic behaviour and male size, suggesting males may switch between spawning in their own and in their neighbour's nests depending on mating opportunity. The hypothesis that colonial nesting facilitates parasitic reproduction is here discussed
Monitoring the miramare marine reserve: Assessment of protection efficiency
No full textThe Miramare Reserve, in the Gulf of Trieste (North Adriatic-Italy), is a small marine protected area (121 hectares) for research, education and conservation and is managed by WWF Italy. Different techniques for taking a qualitative and quantitative census of the fish species, for mapping the nests of Gobius cruentatus, Tripterygion delaisi and Cbromis chromis, for studying the reproductive behaviour of C. cbromis and for measuring the sea ambient noise were used. Visual census techniques were applied in the comparison of two areas which were similar from a morphological point of view, but differed in human activity. © 1998 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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