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    Numerical incremental and limit analysis homogenized discrete element models (HDEM) for the seismic upgrading of masonry churches by means of FRP strips

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    The paper presents some advanced FE analyses conducted by means of an incremental and limit analysis homogenized discrete element model (HDEM) on a masonry church damaged by the recent Emilia Romagna (Italy) earthquake, occurred from 20th to 29th May 2012. The church, located in the city of Ferrara is a masonry Romanesque structure that has been severely damaged in correspondence of the columns of the central nave for bending actions and on the apse for shear loads. A partial detachment of the façade has been also observed. We present some results obtained with an advanced non-linear FE code already presented by the authors in [1] and [2] in absence of any reinforcement device. First of all, the church is analyzed “as is” under horizontal loads mimicking a seismic action in agreement with Italian code indications (spectral acceleration taken in agreement with NTC 2008 for the region under study, behavior factor q=2.25). The results put in evidence the insufficient strength of the apse for shear actions and of the columns of the naves for bending moments. A strengthening intervention conducted by means of FRP strips (hooping strips on the columns and diagonal reinforcement on the apse) is numerically analyzed in detail, assuming the behavior of the strips –especially for what concerns delamination- in agreement with Italian Guidelines (CNR DT200) for r.c./masonry strengthening with composite materials. It is found a quite reasonable strength improvement of the weak structural elements due to the application of FRP, with levels of strength higher than the minimum ones required by the Italian code

    DOPAMINERGIC RECEPTORS IN HYDRA - PHARMACOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS

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    1. The dopaminergic receptors of Hydra have been studied by pharmacological and biochemical methods. 2. D1 selective agonists, D2 selective agonists and D1-D2 mixed-action agonists inhibit the glutathione-induced feeding response. 3. Dopaminergic blocking agents protract the glutathione action, regardless of their D1 or D2 selectivity. 4. A very long-lasting response is observed in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated specimens. 5. H Hydra treatment with dopamine agonists (D1, D2 or mixed-action) induces a significant rise in cAMP levels. 6. Pretreatment with blocking agents prevents both the enhancement of cyclic nucleotide levels and the inhibition of feeding response induced by dopaminergic agonists, regardless of their D1 or D2 selectivity

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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