1,720,954 research outputs found
Definizione di un set di indicatori per il monitoraggio e la valutazione dell'attività sanitaria
Full text linkLa ricerca si è posta l’obiettivo di pervenire ad una proposta ragionata di un set di indicatori rivolti al monitoraggio e alla valutazione dell’attività sanitaria, privilegiando l’identificazione di un quadro di riferimento concettuale, in grado soprattutto di tracciare la direzione di un percorso metodologico, piuttosto che concentrarsi soltanto su aspetti di tipo operativo o sulle implicazioni tecnico-statistiche degli indicatori proposti. Infatti, a fronte di una ricchissima letteratura internazionale in tema di indicatori per la valutazione delle organizzazioni e dei sistemi sanitari, spesso non è identificabile con altrettanta chiarezza, all’interno delle iniziative realizzate in diversi paesi, il collegamento tra gli indicatori e i modelli di analisi che li sostengono. In altre parole, secondo la nostra opinione, ad una apparente abbondanza in materia di strumenti operativi di misura dei fenomeni sanitari, corrisponde una sostanziale scarsità di riferimenti concettuali, all’interno dei quali tali strumenti possano collocarsi in modo armonico.
Alcuni dei tentativi compiuti hanno privilegiato aspetti specifici dell’assistenza sanitaria (ad esempio, ospedaliera, farmaceutica, ecc.); altri hanno invece perseguito una visione d’insieme moltiplicando il numero di indicatori piuttosto che sceglierne alcuni, significativi e rilevanti, in grado di rappresentare in modo sintetico gli aspetti cruciali e strategici del sistema stesso. In generale, molte delle esperienze esistenti non hanno definito una precisa gerarchia concettuale capace di organizzare gli indicatori stessi in un disegno compiuto e consentire quindi la disponibilità di un efficace quadro di controllo (‘cruscotto’) per il monitoraggio del funzionamento ordinario del sistema, per l’interpretazione dei risultati ottenuti, per l’individuazione precoce delle disfunzioni e delle loro possibili cause
Per quanto riguarda l’Italia, la ricerca di assetti organizzativi e gestionali soddisfacenti, condivisi e coerenti con gli obiettivi propri del servizio sanitario nazionale, ha determinato negli ultimi 20 anni ripetuti interventi normativi ed una notevole turbolenza interna al sistema. La riforma più recente, la riforma ter, introdotta con il Dlgs n. 229 del 1999, si è inserita in un percorso di riassetto dei servizi sanitari regionali che ha portato a scelte anche marcatamente diverse da parte delle Regioni, in parte determinate da differenze strutturali e organizzative delle reti di servizi sanitari esistenti nelle specifiche realtà, in parte da posizioni culturali e ideologiche differenti, che si sono riflesse nelle politiche sanitarie dei governi regionali.
A questo intervento normativo si affianca quello, non direttamente riferibile al settore sanitario, relativo al decentramento fiscale (Dlgs. 56/2000 di attuazione dell’art. 10 della legge 133/1999), che prevede una progressiva autonomia delle regioni sul piano fiscale ed una rimozione dei vincoli sull’utilizzo dei fondi disponibili, pur mantenendo un meccanismo di perequazione delle risorse finanziarie atto a garantire livelli essenziali di assistenza sanitaria nelle diverse regioni.
In definitiva, la ricerca ha inteso fornire un contributo di carattere metodologico e proporre uno strumento di lavoro sufficientemente flessibile, offrendo innanzitutto, a tal fine, uno schema concettuale di riferimento in grado di “guidare” la progettazione operativa, non affrontata nella presente ricerca. Tenendo conto delle iniziative già realizzate in ambito internazionale e sottoposte a revisione critica nella prima fase della ricerca, il gruppo di lavoro ha quindi sviluppato, in questa fase, un modello esplicito di analisi di un sistema sanitario, che consenta di “leggerlo” e “valutarlo” nei suoi ‘(s)nodi’ più rilevanti e ha proposto un profilo esemplificativo di indicatori ritenuti idonei a ricavare informazioni utili per tali scopi. Ciò è stato pensato per consentire “letture” e “valutazioni” del sistema sanitario sia in termini assoluti, rispetto alle finalità che il sistema stesso si propone, sia in termini relativi, attraverso il confronto delle performance di sistemi analoghi per finalità ma differenti sul piano delle scelte, organizzative e gestionali.
Il nuovo scenario federalista (delineato dalle recenti variazioni normative del quadro istituzionale), con la conseguente maggiore differenziazione organizzativa tra le diverse regioni, rende ancor più opportuna la costruzione di un appropriato insieme integrato di indicatori in grado di consentire confronti in termini di impegni di risorse destinate alla sanità e di risultati in termini di salute, con la duplice finalità di: (i) monitoraggio dei livelli essenziali di assistenza, (ii) benchmarking tra i diversi sistemi regionali
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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