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    Strong Organic Bases as Building Blocks of Mesoporous Hybrid Catalysts for C-C Forming Bond Reactions

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    [EN] 1,8-Bis(tetramethylguanidino)naphthalene (TMGN), a neutral organic base that combines the properties of guanidine and the properties of proton sponges, was used as a building block to produce organicinorganic silica-based mesoporous hybrids with strong basic properties. The TMGN-based mesoporous hybrids (TMGN/SiO2) were prepared by a solgel route working at a neutral pH and low temperatures, which avoided the use of SDAs. TMGN has been modified in order to have two terminal reactive silyl groups able to perform co-condensation with a conventional organosilane (TMOS) used as a silicon source. This synthesis has allowed us to directly introduce the unmodified, functionalized TMGN as part of the walls of the mesoporous silica by a one-pot synthesis. TMGN/SiO2 hybrid materials present excellent catalytic properties for CC bond forming reactions: Knoevenagel, Henry (nitroaldol), and ClaisenSchmidt condensations. The activity of the hybrid materials is higher than that of the counterpart homogeneous catalyst.The authors thank the Spanish Government by Consolider Ingenio 2010 MULTICAT (number CSD2009-00050) and MAT2011 (number 29020-C02-01) projects. E. G. is grateful for the financial support from the Marie Curie Fellowship (grant number FP7-PEO-PLE-2009-IEF).Gianotti, E.; Díaz Morales, UM.; Velty, A.; Corma Canós, A. (2012). Strong organic bases as building blocks of mesoporous hybrid catalysts for C-C forming bond reactions. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 32:5175-5185. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201200716S5175518532Wight, A. P., & Davis, M. E. (2002). Design and Preparation of Organic−Inorganic Hybrid Catalysts. Chemical Reviews, 102(10), 3589-3614. doi:10.1021/cr010334mBigi, F., Carloni, S., Maggi, R., Mazzacani, A., & Sartori, G. (2000). 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    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    [EN] We present the one-pot synthesis of functionalized organosilica nanoparticles to generate multi-functional hybrid catalysts. Octadecyl, alkyl-thiol and alkyl-amino moieties were used separately and in different combinations, to generate different hybrid spherical nanoparticles with tunable acidic, basic and amphiphilic properties, covalently incorporating up to three organic functional elements onto the surface of the nanoparticles. Several parameters were optimised such as the concentration of the base employed during the hydrolysis and condensation synthesis process that showed a strong influence on the particle size. The physico-chemical properties of the hybrid materials were fully characterized by XRD, elemental and thermogravimetric analysis, electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption isotherms and C-13 and Si-29 NMR spectroscopy. Finally, the potential uses of the prepared materials as amphiphilic catalysts, with acidic or basic properties for the conversion of biomass molecules into platform chemicals were evaluated.The authors acknowledge support from Grant PID2020-112590GB-C21 and from Severo Ochoa excellence program CEX2021-001230-S, both funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. This study forms part of the Advanced Materials program and was supported by MICIN with funding from European Union NextGeneration (PRTR-C17.I1) and by Generalitat Valenciana (MFA/2022/003). A. C. acknowledge financial support from JAE-Intro 2020 - CSIC (JAEINT20_EX_0986).Coloma-Molina, A.; Velty, A.; Díaz, U. (2023). Hybrid organic-inorganic nanoparticles with associated functionality for catalytic transformation of biomass substrates. RSC Advances. 13(15):10144-10156. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ra01486jS1014410156131
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