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Small green roof per la conservazione delle specie
No full textNell’Orto Botanico di Bologna e nel Parco Regionale dei Gessi Bolognesi e Calanchi dell’Abbadessa sono stati realizzati degli small green roof e coperture a verde caratterizzati da una biodiversità autoctona, con il fine di mostrarne le potenzialità nel campo della conservazione vegetale
NATIVE PERENNIAL HERBACEOUS SPECIES FOR NEW COVERS OF GREEN ROOFS
No full textThe European Communication on Green Infrastructures (1) encourages the use of reedbed, wildflower
verge, green walls, green roofs, etc. to mitigate the consequences of the artificiality of the urban and rural
environment. As far as the green roofs are concerned, they are engineered ecosystems occupying
underutilized urban spaces, that rely on the plant cover to provide services, such as reduction of roof
temperature, retention of stormwater, enhancement of urban biodiversity (2). Researches aiming at
quantifying the green roof performances, depending on the physio-ecological characteristics of the
plants used in their realization, are not yet fully developed (3). The Sedum species have been widely
employed because of the extreme abiotic conditions they can tolerate. Recently, however, the
importance to distinguish between the ability of a species to survive on a green roof and his ability to
provide valuable services, starts to be considered. In the harsh conditions of green roofs, Sedum species
may have the highest survival, even without some irrigation. However, other species are more likely to
provide multiple, effective green roof services compared to a Sedum monoculture, if a moderate irrigation
is foreseen. Irrigation during very dry periods would allow to employ a more diversified plant community
and the improvements in green roof performances, could offer a high return on the investment of time
and money (4). In this framework we explored the ability of some wild herbaceous perennial species of the
arid and semi-arid grassland communities (Xerobromion and Mesobromion communities), to survive and
colonize the substrate of a commercial extensive green roof system, adopted by the University of Bologna
in the realization of the green roofs of the Agricultural Sciences School. The native plant species represent
a rich heritage, to now not fully explored, which can be profitably used for the production of plant cover in
green roofs of high environmental quality, well adapted to the conditions of the site where they are
realized. The plant material was collected in natural and semi-natural plant communities of the Emilian
Apennines, then cultivated and reproduced at the Azienda Agraria of the Bologna University (AUB) and
finally utilized for the realization of the plant cover of an experimental green roof. For each species, the
same number of young plants was planted in plots of 50x60 cm, at the mid June 2015, irrigated during the
overall 2015 summer season. The irrigation was then suspended at mid September 2015. We report here
the main results of a monthly monitoring (from June 2015 to April 2016) of the growth and colonization
capacity of four of the species under study. For each species, different parameters were monitored,
depending on its particular way of growth, in order to better describe the ability to cover the plot surface.
Festuca ovina L, a perennial caespitose, showed a great capacity of shooting. During the 2015 summer,
under irrigation, the number of shoots increased very quickly. Shooting capacity slowed in autumn, but at
mid-end winter 2016 restarted. Water availability greatly influenced the shoot production. Hieracium
pilosella L. is a stoloniferous creeping species. Stolons are important structures for the vegetative
propagation as well as for the space colonization; they elongate mainly in the autumn and winter months.
New leaves arranged in a basal rosette and floral axes are produced at the rooting points of the stolons.
Sanguisorba minor Scop. is a medium size plant with a cluster of basal leaves that progressively enlarges all
around. We measured the increase of the projection of the canopy on the horizontal surface. Maximum
increase occurred at the start of autumn 2015 and in spring 2016, whereas in the winter months its cover
progressively decreases. Achillea millefolium L. has solid, mat-forming rhizome/root system and fine
feathery leaves which make it drought resistant. Both sexual and vegetative reproduction coexist and
both are very efficient. The number of individuals produced through vegetative propagation regularly
increases all over the observed period. After a period of acclimatation, all the species under study
survived in the green roof artificial environment, even without particular cares. Each of them has a
particular strategy and period of maximum development. Undoubtedly they represent an interesting pool
of species whose eco-physiological characteristics could be explored, in order to better define their
utilization for different performances and environmental services of urban green roofs
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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