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Dairy goats fed with different basal diets and one lipid source : milk fatty acids profile
No full textObjetivou-se avaliar o perfil de ácidos graxos do leite de cabras da Raça Saanen alimentadas com diferentes dietas basais e uma fonte lipídica. Doze cabras com peso médio inicial de 48,9±7,3kg, produção média de 2,8kg de leite/dia e período de lactação médio de 84 dias foram distribuídas de acordo com a produtividade em três quadrados latino 4x4. Cada período experimental teve duração de 21 dias, sendo 14 dias destinados à adaptação dos animais e os demais dias para coleta de dados e amostras. As dietas experimentais foram compostas por silagem de milho (SM), silagem de sorgo (SS), feno de capim-pangolão (FP) ou bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (BC) associado a palma forrageira e concentrando contendo gérmen de integral de milho extra gordo, como fonte lipídica. Foram avaliadas as proporções individuais e dos principais grupos de ácidos graxos (AG) secretados no leite de cabras. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se pacote estatístico do SAS e as diferenças foram declaradas estatisticamente significativas quando P<0,05. A proporção de AG de cadeia curta e média foram superiores no leite de cabras recebendo dieta basal contendo SM ou SS enquanto a proporção de AG de cadeia longa foi superior no leite de cabras que receberam FP ou BC. Já a concentração de AG saturados foi superior no leite de cabras recebendo silagem, e a proporção de AG poliinsaturados foi superior para no leite de cabras recebendo BC ou FP. Dietas basais contendo FP ou BC propiciam maior escape de intermediários da biohidrogenação (BH), principalmente C18:1 trans-11, o que tornou a proporção de CLA cis-9, trans-11 superior para estes tratamentos. O somatório de AG ômega-3 (n-3) no leite foi superior para dieta basal composta de palma forrageira e SS, e em função disto este tratamento apresentou menor relação n-6/n-3. Com base nos resultados encontrados, conclui-se que dietas basais contendo FP ou BC são mais indicadas para melhorar o perfil de AG do leite de cabras por reduzirem o teor de AG saturados e elevar concentração de AG poliinsaturados benéficos a saúde humana (C18:1 trans-11 e CLA cis-9, trans-11). Apesar disso, dieta basal contendo SS propiciou menor a relação n-6/n-3 no leite, tornando este de melhor qualidade do ponto de vista nutricional e saúde humana.This study aimed to evaluate the fatty acids profile of milk of Saanen dairy goats fed with different basal diets and one lipid source. Twelve goats weighing 48.9±7.3 kg, with a mean milk yield of 2.8 kg per day at 84 days on average, were distributed into three Latin square designs (4 × 4) according to their productivities. The experimental periods lasted 21 days each, and 14 days comprised the adaptation time, while the others were used to collect samples and data. The experimental diets were composed of maize silage (MS), sorghum silage (SS), pangola grass hay (PH), or sugarcane bagasse (SB) associated with forage cactus, plus a concentrate containing extra-fat whole corn germ added as a lipid source. Individual proportions and the primary fatty acid groups (FA) from dairy goats’ milk were assessed. Data were analyzed with the statistical package from SAS®, and the differences were stated as statistically significant when P<0.05. The proportions of short and intermediate-chain FA were higher in the milk from goats fed with MS and SS, while the proportion of long-chain FA was greater in the milk from goats that received PH or SB. Conversely, the saturated FA concentration in milk was higher when goats received silages, whereas the polyunsaturated FA content was higher in the milk of goats fed with SB or PH. PH or SB-based diets provided more exhaust of bio-hydrogenation intermediates, mainly the C18:1 trans-11, which made the CLA cis-9 trans-11 proportion superior to the other treatments. The sum of omega-3 FA (n-3) in milk was higher for the basal diet containing forage cactus and SS, and consequently, the n-6/n-3 ratio was lower for this treatment. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that PH or SB-based diets are more indicated to improve the FA profile of milk of Saanen dairy goats, owing to reduce the concentrations of saturated FA and increase those polyunsaturated FA beneficial to human health (C18:1 trans-11 and CLA cis-9 trans-11). Despite that, the SS-based diet led to the lowest milk n-6/n-3 ratio, providing the best quality for human nutrition and health
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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