1,721,020 research outputs found
Decolourisation and detoxification of textile effluents by fungal biosorption.
No full textTextile effluents, in addition to high COD, display several problems mainly due to toxicity and recalcitrance of dyestuffs. Innovative technologies effective in removing dyes from large volumes of effluents at low cost and in a timely fashion are needed. Fungi are among the most promising organisms for dye biosorption. In this study dye decolourisation, COD and toxicity decrease of three wastewater models after the treatment with inactivated biomasses of three Mucorales fungi cultured on two different media were evaluated. Fungal biomasses displayed good sorption capabilities giving rise to decolourisation percentages up to 94% and decrease in COD up to 58%. The Lemna minor toxicity test showed a significant reduction of toxicity after biosorption treatments, indicating that decolourisation corresponds to an actual detoxification of the treated wastewaters
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal and pathogenic fungi on root apical meristems of tomato plants.
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Trichoderma harzianum cerato-platanin enhances hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials
Full text linkConsidering its worldwide abundance, cellulose can be a suitable candidate to replace the fossil oil-based materials, even if its potential is still untapped, due to some scientific and technical gaps. This work offers new possibilities demonstrating for the first time the ability of a cerato-platanin, a small fungal protein, to valorize lignocellulosic Agri-food Wastes. Indeed, cerato-platanins can loosen cellulose rendering it more accessible to hydrolytic attack. The cerato-platanin ThCP from a marine strain of Trichoderma harzianum, characterized as an efficient biosurfactant protein, has proven able to efficiently pre-treat apple pomace, obtaining a sugar conversion yield of 65%. Moreover, when used in combination with a laccase enzyme, a notable increase in the sugar conversion yield was measured. Similar results were also obtained when other wastes, coffee silverskin and potato peel, were pre-treated. With respect to the widespread laccase pre-treatments, this new pre-treatment approach minimizes process time, increasing energy efficiency
Wastewater bioremediation using white rot fungi: Validation of a dynamical system with real data obtained in laboratory
No full textNowadays, wastewater treatment has become an important issue in view of the ever increasing worldwide paucity of abundant and clean water supplies. In this work, we propose a mathematical model describing the process of decolorization of textile industry wastewater and validate it using data from a laboratory experiment. To this aim, a selected white rot fungus, capable of degrading a wide range of recalcitrant compounds, is used against Remazol Brilliant Blue Reactive dye. The real data obtained in laboratory are use to fit the parameters of our model. The qualitative analysis is performed to study the behavior of the wastewater and of the fungus as functions of time. In the present study the, carbon (glucose) has an important role in the system since it can sustain the fungal metabolism and growth. Furthermore a more general mathematical model is studied, considering an open system where there is a constant input and output of pollutant and nutrients respectively
Litter quality, decomposition rates and saprotrophic mycoflora in Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decraene and in adjacent native grassland vegetation
No full textFallopia japonica succeeds in invading different ecosystems likely because of its huge biomass production. This biomass is characterized by low nutritional quality and low decomposition rates but knowledge on whether these features are correlated to microbial decomposers is still lacking. The aims of this work were: i) to determine litter decomposition rates of native grassland vegetation and F.japonica under different conditions in a year-round experiment; ii) to evaluate litter quality and/or site effect on the decomposition of the invader and native vegetation and iii) to characterize mycoflora isolated from F.japonica and native vegetation litter. The results showed that F.japonica litter decomposes 3-4 times slower than that of native grassland, mainly due to its low N content and consequently high C/N ratio both in leaves and stems. As decomposition proceeds C/N in F.japonica litter decreases to values approaching those of the grassland litter. Site had no effect on the decomposition rates of F.japonica and grassland litter. Total fungal load and composition differed between F.japonica and native litter, and also varied across sites. These results indicate that the successful invasive plant F.japonica affects the structure and functions of the invaded ecosystem through a huge production of low quality, slow-decomposing litter that selects saprotrophic fungi
Caratterizzazione di alcune attività fisiologiche di batteri, potenziali PGPR e MHB, isolati da sporocarpi ed ectomicorrize di Suillus grevillei (Klot.) Sing
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Characterization of dyes biosorption on fungal biomass
No full textThe characterization of the dyes adsorption on granular particles of Cunninghamella elegans inactivated biomass is reported. The adsorption process regarded a dye bath for wool and each of the three dyes composing it: Acid Blue 62, Acid Red 266 and Acid Yellow 49. Adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics were assessed together with the effect of biomass particle size. The maximum adsorption capacity of lyophilised biomass with respect to Acid Red 266, Acid Blue 62, Acid Yellow 49 and to the model wastewater were 500, 230, 230 and 390 mgdye/gDM, respectively. A mutual interference among adsorbed dyes resulted. The adsorption kinetics for the Acid Blue 62 resulted of the first order type and the first order parameter was 3.61.1 h-
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