1,721,241 research outputs found
Langherans cell histiocytosis: a cytokine/chemokine-mediated disorder?
No full textLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder characterized by an abnormal accumulation and/or proliferation of cells with a Langerhans cell phenotype. Although no clear cause of LCH has been identified, it has been postulated that LCH might be the consequence of an immune dysregulation, causing Langerhans cells to migrate to and accumulate at various sites. Production of cytokines and chemokines is a central feature of immune regulation. Cytokines are abundantly present within LCH lesions. We review here the potential role of cytokines and chemokines in the pathogenesis of LCH. The type, distribution, and number of different cytokines released within lesions can provide clues to the possible aetiology of LCH and, ultimately, might offer therapeutic possibilities using recombinant cytokines or antagonists for this disorder
A macrophage-derived factor different from interleukin 1 and able to induce interferon-gamma and lymphoproliferation in resting T lymphocytes.
No full textThe in vitro antiviral activity of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) in WISH cells is mediated by IFN-beta induction
No full textWe present evidence showing that TNF is capable of inducing an antiviral state in WISH cells thereby protecting them from the cytopathic effect of vesicular stomatitis virus. Establishment of the antiviral state requires pretreatment with TNF. Such pretreatment not only protects the cells in a dose-dependent manner, but it markedly reduces virus yield as well. Kinetic studies have shown that a pretreatment period as short as 4 h at 37 degrees C is effective in conferring protection. The antiviral activity of TNF could be attributed to the induction of IFN-beta. In fact, polyclonal antibodies to IFN-beta completely neutralized the antiviral state elicited by TNF. 2-5A synthetase activity was significantly enhanced when the cells were treated with doses of TNF that afforded antiviral protection. Finally, addition of specific antibodies to IFN-beta 2 (IL-6) during TNF pretreatment failed to abolish the antiviral state, thus suggesting that IFN-beta 2 is not involved in the TNF-induced antiviral state. Also, a homogeneous IFN-beta 2 preparation failed to exert antiviral activity in our cell system
Effects of chlorpromazine on PMN-mediated activities in vivo and in vitro
No full text: Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) play a central role in the acute inflammatory response and functions associated with phagocytosis and bacterial killing, including lysosomal enzyme release and superoxide anion (O2-) generation, are also implicated in tissue injury. We have studied the modulation by chlorpromazine (CPZ) on the effects of lipopolisaccharide (LPS) in vivo in mice. Pretreatment with CPZ (4 mg/kg) and, to lesser extent, promethazine, inhibited LPS-induced hypoferraemia and lethality in mice. We have also observed that CPZ (1-15 microns) inhibited lactoferrin release by PMN in vitro, suggesting that this effect could be responsible for the inhibition of hypoferraemia. We have also evaluated the effect of CPZ on other PMN functions implicated in tissue damage and inflammation, chemotaxis and O2- production. CPZ inhibited both activities, although it had chemokinetic activity per se. These data indicate that CPZ is a modular of PMN functions in vivo and in vitro and this effect could be directly implicated in the protective action of CPZ against endotoxic shock
The LD78-beta isoform of MIP-1alfa is the most potent CC-chemokine in inhibiting CCR5-dependent HIV-1 replication in human macrophages
No full textA systematic review of imaging-guided metastasis-directed therapy for oligorecurrent prostate cancer. Revolution or devolution?
No full textIntroduction: Metastasis Directed Therapy (MDT) Is Increasingly Being Implemented In Recurring Prostate Cancer (PCA), Although Its Role In Pca Management Has Yet Been Fully Defined. Aim of The Current Systematic Review Is to Analyze Current Knowledge of Mdt In The Setting of Recurrent Pca and Highlight Future Trials Which Will Continue to Shed a Light On a Controversial Aspect of Current Pca Management. Evidence Acquisition: The National Library of Medicine Database Was Searched for Relevant Articles Published Between January 2014 and August 2019. a Wide Search Was Performed Including The Combination of Following Words: ([Metastasis and Directed and Therapy] and Prostate and Cancer). The Selection Procedure Followed The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (Prisma) Principles. Evidence Synthesis: Biologic Studies Support The Use of Mdt In Oligometastatic Pca. Modern Imaging Techniques As Psma Pet/Ct, Fuciclovine Pet/Ct and Whole-Body Mri Are Fundamental to Implement Such An Approach Given The High Diagnostic Yield At Low Psa Values. The Majority of Data Available On Mdt Concerns Retrospective Trials, Although Three Prospective Randomized Trials (Stomp, Oriole and Popstar) Have Assessed The Safety and Feasibility of Mdt. Overall, It Appears That Mdt Delays Significantly Pca Progression and Time to Systemic Therapy. Conclusions: Mdt Is Highly Appealing Given Its Potential to Delay Disease Progression and Adverse Events of SysTemic Therapy. Nonetheless, Data Remains Immature to Recommend Mdt On a Large Scale and The Selection Criteria for Patients Have Yet Been Defined. Today, Mdt Should Be Administered Within a Clinical Trial and Results of Future Research Are Eagerly Awaited
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
- …
