1,721,135 research outputs found

    Application of fMRI to Multiple Sclerosis and Other White Matter Disorders

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    Reparative and recovery mechanisms following tissue damage occur with variable effectiveness in patients with white matter disorders across different disease stages. This might explain why a mismatch between clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings is often found in these patients. Among the mechanisms of recovery, brain functional plasticityPlasticity is likely to be one of the most important with several possible different substrates (including increased axonal expression of sodium channels, synaptic changes, increased recruitment of parallel existing pathways or “latent” connections, and reorganization of whole-brain functional networks). The application of fMRI has shown that functional cortical changes do occur after white matter injury of different etiology, that such changes are related to the extent of structural damage, and that they can contribute in limiting the clinical consequences of central nervous system damage. Conversely, the failure or exhaustion of the adaptive properties of the cerebral cortex might be among the factors responsible for the accumulation of irreversible neurological deficits in patients with white matter disorders

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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