1,720,958 research outputs found
Ganciclovir therapy for citomegalovirus-associated liver disease in immunocompromised children.
No full textEBV Early Lytic Protein BFRF1 Alters Emerin Distribution and Post-translational Modification
No full textThe nuclear envelope (NE), a structural element of fundamental importance for the cell, is the first barrier that meets a virus in the early stages of viral maturation. Therefore, in order to allow the passage of nucleocapsids, viruses are known to modulate the architecture of the nuclear membrane to permit a proficient viral infection. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), a pathogen from Herpesvirus family, possesses two well conserved proteins, BFRF1 and BFLF2, which together form the heterodimeric nuclear egress complex (NEC) that is involved in the early steps of nuclear egress. Here we show that EBV replication causes the delocalization of emerin, a cellular LEM-domain protein normally distributed on the nuclear rim. We also demonstrate that the early lytic protein BFRF1 is responsible for emerin delocalization. Expression of BFRF1 alone or in combination with BFLF2 induces emerin hyperphosphorylation. Altogether, these results suggest a novel mechanism by which EBV exploits the cellular machinery for nucleocapsid egress
High glucose and hyperglycemic sera from type 2 diabetic patients impair DC differentiation by inducing ROS and activating Wnt/β-catenin and p38 MAPK
No full textType 2 is the type of diabetes with higher prevalence in contemporary time, representing about 90% of the global
cases of diabetes. In the course of diabetes, several complications can occur, mostly due to hyperglycemia and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. One of them is represented by an increased susceptibility to microbial infections and by a reduced capacity to clear them. Therefore, knowing the impact of hyperglycemia
on immune system functionality is of utmost importance for the management of the disease. In this study, we
show that medium containing high glucose reduced the in-vitro differentiation of monocytes into functional
DCs and their activation mediated by PAMPs or DAMPs. Most importantly, the same effects were mediated by
the hyperglycemic sera derived by type 2 diabetic patients, mimicking a more physiologic condition. DC dysfunction caused by hyperglycemia may be involved in the inefficient control of infections observed in diabetic patients, given the pivotal role of these cells in both the innate and adaptive immune response. Searching for the
molecular mechanisms underlying DC dysfunction,we found that canonicalWnt/β-catenin and p38MAPK pathways were activated in the DCs differentiated either in the presence of high glucose or of hyper-glycemic sera.
Interestingly, the activation of these pathways and the DC immune dysfunction were partially counteracted by
the anti-oxidant quercetin, a flavonoid already known to exert several beneficial effects in diabetes
BFRF1 protein is involved in EBV-mediated autophagy manipulation
Full text linkViral egress and autophagy are two mechanisms that seem to be strictly connected in Herpesviruses's biology. Several data suggest that the autophagic machinery facilitates the egress of viral capsids and thus the production of new infectious particles. In the Herpesvirus family, viral nuclear egress is controlled and organized by a well conserved group of proteins named Nuclear Egress Complex (NEC). In the case of EBV, NEC is composed by BFRF1 and BFLF2 proteins, although the alterations of the nuclear host cell architecture are mainly driven by BFRF1, a multifunctional viral protein anchored to the inner nuclear membrane of the host cell. BFRF1 shares a peculiar distribution with several nuclear components and with them it strictly interacts. In this study, we investigated the possible role of BFRF1 in manipulating autophagy, pathway that possibly originates from nucleus, regulating the interplay between autophagy and viral egress
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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