1,720,997 research outputs found
Valutazion psicopatologica dimensionale in un campione di 847 pazienti psichiatrici acuti in ambiente di ricovero: dati preliminari
No full textLo studio ha inclusi 847 pazienti ricoverati consecutivamente presso il reparto SPDC del policlinico Umberto I da Gennaio 2011 a Giugno 2014. Tutti i pazienti sono stati valutati attraverso la Scala di Valutazione Rapida Dimensionale (SVARAD) entro le prime 24 ore dal ricovero. Le valutazioni sono state sottoposte quotidianamente a supervisione da parte del primario del reparto o da uno psichiatra strutturato con almeno 10 anni di esperienza. è stata condotta una statistica descrittiva al fine di descrivere le caratteristiche sociodemografiche e cliniche del campione. I risultati dello studio hanno mostrato come le 10 dimensioni della SVARAD siano presenti in modo trasversale e transdiagnostico all'interno del campione. inoltre, sono stati prodotti i profili dimensionali medi di tutte le categorie diagnostiche esaminate all'interno del campione e attraverso l'analisi di frequenza dei punteggi medi è stato possibile osservare la presenza di eterogenità all'interno della stessa categoria diagnostica. Le conclusioni dello studio riguardano l'evidenza che la dimensioni psicopatologiche esaminate attraveso la SVARAD sono presenti in modo transdiagnostico all'interno del campione, anche quando queste non erano previste all'interno del set di criteri diagnostici richiesti per fare diagnosi ed è stata osservata un'ampia eterogenità all'interno delle categorie diagnostiche stesse. La proposta derivante dalle conclusioni dello studio è di affiancare la diagnosi dimensionale attraverso la SVARAD alla diagnosi categoriale, al fine di individuare il trattamento più idoneo alla sofferenza psicopatologica di ogni singolo paziente
Relaxation treatments and biofeedback for anxiety and somatic stress-related disorders
No full textRelaxation techniques (TR) and biofeedback (BFB) are widely used in psychiatric and psychological practice for the treatment for anxiety and stress-related disorders.An examination of studies focusing on the correlates of psychophysiology of relaxation and biofeedback has been done, in addiction to controlled therapeutic studies that describes clinical aspects, efficacy and limits.There are different TR and BFB procedures, but they have the same goal and same physiological modifications, resulting in stress and anxiety reduction. There is a proven action to musculoskeletal, neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous system, showing similar results. Very few data on immune changes are available. Meta-Analysis show superior efficacy to no treatment or placebo in anxiety disorders, tension headache, bruxism, temporomandibular pain syndrome, rehabilitation and prevention of ischemic heart disease. Moderate efficacy is shown for chronic low back pain, cancer-related pain, rheumatoid arthritis and gastrointestinal disorders; data for essential hypertension are controversial. Variability of techniques, procedures, sampling problems, non-systematic make definitive conclusions difficult. TR and BFB are often used in combination with cognitive-behavioral and educational techniques. The association of the active relaxation technique facilitates generalization and self-control during stress situation and outside the training session.TR and BFB are effective for anxiety and somatic stress-related disorders, associated with coping and quality of life improvement and affordable costs; they are minimally invasive but needing an active participation in the treatment process. Some limits are responders' prediction, continuity of practice and limited effectiveness for depression disorders. Finally, it is shown that they are real psychosomatic therapies that are able to produce somatic peripheral changes (neuroendocrine, neurovegetative and muscular systems) generated by the mind and secondary to the involvement of central neurotransmitter circuits
Il benessere del paziente psichiatrico: standard e meta? “Non c’è Salute senza Salute Mentale”
Full text linkNel corso del 19° Congresso SOPSI (Società Italiana di Psicopatologia), si è svolto il Simposio “Benessere in Psichiatria”, realizzato
con il supporto non condizionato di Takeda Italia, all’interno del quale autorevoli esperti hanno discusso dei nuovi standard di cura,
della relazione tra opzioni terapeutiche e benessere, e del concetto di benessere come meta terapeutica. Tema portante delle relazioni è stato
la qualità di vita del paziente psichiatrico e della sua famiglia. Ciò che è emerso dalle relazioni degli esperti è una crescente necessità di
affrontare i bisogni del paziente psichiatrico sia da un punto di vista clinico, con la messa a punto di nuovi farmaci che riducano gli effetti collaterali
e migliorino le performance cognitive dei soggetti affetti da patologie psichiatriche, sia sociale, attraverso l’educazione a stili di vita
più salutari, per la riduzione dello stigma e il reinserimento nella società.
Dal simposio ha preso vita il progetto “Benessere in Psichiatria”, sul sito www.benessereinpsichiatria.it, che si pone come obiettivo il superamento
del concetto di remissione sintomatologica e di recupero funzionale in favore di un approccio integrato alla salute globale della disabilità
in generale e allo stigma.. During the 19th SOPSI (Italian Society of Psychopathology) Congress, the Symposium “Wellbeing in Psychiatry” was held with
the unconditional support of Takeda Italy, in which leading experts discussed the new standard of care, the relationship between treatment options
and wellbeing, and the concept of wellbeing as a therapeutic goal. The prevailing topic of the presentations was the quality of life of psychiatric
patients and their families. What emerged from the expert presentations is a growing need to address the psychiatric patient’s needs
both from the clinical and social point of view: first, with the development of new drugs that reduce side effects and improve cognitive performance
in psychiatric patients; and second, by teaching healthier lifestyles, promoting the reduction of stigma and reintegration into society.
The symposium gave birth to the Italian project “Benessere in Psichiatria” (“Wellbeing in Psychiatry”), on the website www.benessereinpsichiatria.it,
which aims to move beyond the concept of symptomatic remission and functional recovery for an integrated approach to global
health, disability and stigma
[Problems and perspectives in psychiatric diagnosis]
No full textDiagnosis in psychiatry is a complex and difficult issue. A great many considerations have been made about the debatable ontological status of mental disorders and the difficulties in providing flawless definitions for them. While these considerations help appreciate the subtleties and difficulties of the topic, they do not imply that mental disorders do not exist or that nosological classification is unnecessary or useless. Although classifications have some inherent flaws and limitations, they can nevertheless be useful. The current psychiatric nosology, however, is based on a categorical approach that has been the object of much criticism. Alternatives include the prototype approach, which has some strong points but also a number of potential disadvantages, and the dimensional approach. The latter approach, though not solving all problems, has recently attracted increasing interest and has received substantial empirical support. There are several ways of conceptualising dimensions and using them in the context of assessment and diagnosis. One of these ways is represented by the SVARAD (Scala per la VAlutazione RApida Dimensionale, i.e., "rapid dimensional assessment scale"), which is an observer-rated scale that covers 10 psychopathological dimensions. Two decades of clinical and research experience have supported its reliability, validity, and ease of use. Dimensional approaches of this kind could easily integrate and enrich the traditional DSM or ICD assessment and may help optimize personalised psychiatric treatment
Dimensional psychopathologi of schizophrenia: SVARAD dimensional profiles in an acute inpatient sample
No full textObjective:
This study aimed at describing the dimensional profile of schizophrenia in an acute inpatient sample, and at exploring the different components of psychopathological suffering within this single diagnostic category according to a dimensional perspective.
Methods:
The sample consisted of 81 schizophrenic patients consecutively admitted to a psychiatric inpatient care unit. Each patient was administered the rapid dimensional assessment scale SVARAD (acronym for the Italian name “Scala per la VAlutazione RApida Dimensionale”) and the Global Assessment of Functioning scale. Dimensional profiles were obtained from mean scores on each SVARAD item. Analysis of variance was used to test for differences between groups in mean SVARAD item scores.
Results:
The findings indicated that age, sex, psychosocial functioning, involuntary nature of the admission, and predominance of positive or disorganisation symptomatology are associated with differences in the mean dimensional profile. Also, sizable subgroups of patients with clinically significant levels of psychopathological dimensions (e.g., Sadness/Demoralisation, Anger/Aggressiveness, Impulsivity) that have limited overlap with the traditionally acknowledged domains of positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and disorganisation, were identified. No differences in any psychopathological dimension were found between the classical schizophrenia subtypes.
Conclusions:
The dimensional assessment with SVARAD helps appreciate the singularity of each patient within the same diagnostic category. The study suggests that recognising different dimensional profiles with the SVARAD may allow more personalised choices of treatment
Contribution of Cyclic di-GMP in the Control of Type III and Type VI Secretion in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
No full textBacteria produce toxins to enhance their competitiveness in the colonization of an environment as well as during an infection. The delivery of toxins into target cells is mediated by several types of secretion systems, among them our focus is Type III and Type VI Secretion Systems (T3SS and T6SS, respectively). A thorough methodology is provided detailing how to identify if cyclic di-GMP signaling plays a role in the P. aeruginosa toxin delivery mediated by T3SS or T6SS. This includes in vitro preparation of the samples for Western blot analysis aiming at detecting possible c-di-GMP-dependent T3SS/T6SS switch, as well as in vivo analysis using the model organism Galleria mellonella to demonstrate the ecological and pathogenic consequence of the switch between these two secretion systems
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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