1,720,983 research outputs found
The development of motor activity: observing spontaneous behavior in fetuses, preterm and term infants
No full textNowadays, ultrasound examinations in 3D and 4D are promoting the concept of continuity in human
motor behavior. The most recent studies on the central nervous have focused both on the general movements
of the body and on facial expressions, in order to identify additional evaluation criteria to understand the
neuro-behavioral development.
The aim of this study is to observe spontaneous motor behavior from the beginning of movement
during prenatal life. The observation of human motor behavior is related to the normal function of central
nervous system and it can detect early, or even before birth, the integrity of central nervous system (Di
Pietro, 2005).
In order to describe spontaneous behavior before and after birth, we are going to dedicate the first
experiment to code spontaneous motor activity in a group of fetuses and preterm infants at the same
gestational age. To code behavior we adopted a new coding scale made by 21 behavioral motor patterns,
deriving from the descriptive categories of behavior observed in fetuses, preterm and full-term infants.
Comparison between preterm infants and fetuses at the same gestational age was allowed to understand the
ontogeny of spontaneous motor activity, but it also helped us to highlight the differences in behavior from
the prenatal period to postnatal life. In the second experiment we investigate how appetite condition, as a
primary motivational factor, modulates behavior in premature newborns. Results suggest that we can find a
modulation in behavior expression also during preterm development and that this modulation is functional to
attention seeking and to nutrition. The third experiment compares behavior between full-term and preterm
newborns at the same post-conceptional age. Results state there are differences in behavioral motor patterns,
as a result of the different behavioral state regulation and coming from the different types of maturational
and environmental development. Thanks to these experiments we can confirm that our new behavioral motor
patterns coding scale is sensitive to behavior exhibited by fetuses, preterm and full-term infants.
Spontaneous behavior is an activity endogenously generated by the CNS which reflects the state of
neural development. Behaviors is sensitive to changes in physiological and motivational functions. The study
of spontaneous behavior allows us to understand the evolutionary trajectories of specific functions and to
inquire into newborn well-being. The value of these observations is twofold, because it opens the way for a
new approach both scientific and diagnostic
Il comportamento motorio-espressivo del nato pretermine nei primi mesi di vita extrauterina: il distress e le sue manifestazioni
No full textLa seconda parte del volume illustra lo sviluppo espressivo, affettivo-relazionale, comunicativo-linguistico, cognitivo e degli apprendimenti dei bambini nati pretermine. Dondi e Valente affrontano il tema dell'espressività precoce e, in particolare, del distress nei primi mesi di vita (Presentazione del volume, pp. 23)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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