1,721,042 research outputs found
Carboneous materials elaboration by eutecticothermal carbonization
No full textCes travaux de thèse portent sur l’application des concepts de la chimie verte à la préparation de matériaux carbonés. En effet, ces derniers sont largement utilisés dans divers domaines et les préoccupations environnementales actuelles engendrent un intérêt croissant pour les carbones durables.Ainsi, il a été choisi d’appliquer les paramètres des synthèses dites hydrothermales, largement étudiées jusqu’alors pour la préparation de matériaux (carbonés ou non), à un nouveau type de composés : les eutectiques profonds. Ces derniers sont préparés à partir d’un mélange de fructose et de chlorure de choline. Une synthèse dite « carbonisation eutecticothermale » a ainsi été mise au point et permet notamment l’emploie de ces précurseurs non toxiques et renouvelables, tout en s’affranchissant de l’utilisation d’un solvant. Bien que les matériaux ainsi obtenus présentent des caractéristiques similaires à leurs cousins hydrothermaux le caractère supramoléculaire des eutectiques engendre des différences morphologiques. De plus, des quantités d’azote non négligeables (4,82 % pour les polymères et 0,62 % pour les carbones traités thermiquement) sont incorporées dans ces solides via l’un des constituants du mélange eutectique : la choline. En effet, une étude mécanistique a mise en avant l’impact prépondérant de cette dernière, suivant ses proportions dans le mélange initial, sur les réactions de déshydratation/polycondensation à l’origine de la formation des matériaux. Ainsi, c’est pour des mélanges comportant entre 50 et 80 % de fructose que cet impact est le plus marqué. Enfin, il est à noter que les matériaux ainsi formés ont été testés en catalyse acide et adsorption de CO2 et montrent de bons résultats.This thesis works deal with the applications of green chemistry concepts for carboneous material preparation. Indeed, carboneous materials are used in many domains and the current environmental concerns engender a growing interest for sustainable carbons.So, we chose to apply the parameters of hydrothermal synthesis (which are widely used for materials preparations) for new types of compounds: the deep eutectic solvents. They are made from a mixture of fructose and choline chloride. This new synthesis is named “eutecticothermal carbonization”. This kind of synthesis allows using non toxic and sustainable precursors and avoids solvent using. The so obtained materials are the same characteristics as hydrothermal ones but the supramolecular network of the eutectic engenders morphological differences. Furthermore some non-negligible nitrogen quantities (4.82 w% for polymers and 0.62 w% for carbons) are incorporated in these solids by choline encapsulation. Indeed a mechanical study shows the important effect of this one, according to its proportions in the initial mixture, on the dehydratation/polycondensation reaction taking place during the materials formation. So it is for the mixtures containing between 50 and 80 w% of fructose that this effect is increase. Finally, theses materials shows good results in acid catalysis and CO2 adsorption applications
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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