58,953 research outputs found
Spontaneous gene flow and population structure in wild and cultivated chicory, Cichorium intybus L.
No full textSpontaneous gene flow between wild and cultivated chicory, Cichorium intybus L., may have implications for the genetic structure and evolution of populations and varieties. One aspect of this crop-wild gene flow is the dispersal of transgenes from genetically modified varieties, e.g. gene flow from GM chicory to natural chicory could have unwanted consequences. With the purpose to identify and quantify crop-wild gene flow in chicory, we analysed introgression in 19 wild chicory populations and 16 accessions of chicory varieties and landraces distributed across Northern, Central and Mediterranean Europe. The analysis used 281 AFLP markers and 75 SSAP markers giving a total of 356 polymorphic markers. Results from model based assignments with the program STRUCTURE indicated many incidents of recent gene flow. Gene flow was observed both between cultivars and wild populations, between landraces and wild populations, between different wild populations as well as between cultivars. Population structure visualized by distance-based clustering showed a North–South geographical structuring of the wild populations, and a general grouping of the cultivars corresponding to known origin. The results indicated, however, that the structuring between the two groups of wild and cultivated types was weak. As crop and wild recipients are genetically close and genes are transferred between the two types rather frequently, focus on mitigating crop-wild gene flow should be increased, before transgenic varieties are cultivated openly
Schwamendingen / Denzler, Wild, Keller ; Gest. v. H. Müllhaupt u. Sohn
No full textSCHWAMENDINGEN / DENZLER, WILD, KELLER ; GEST. V. H. MÜLLHAUPT U. SOHN
Topographischer Atlas der Schweiz (-)
Schwamendingen / Denzler, Wild, Keller ; Gest. v. H. Müllhaupt u. Sohn (Blatt 159) ( -
Diagnosing wild species harvest : resource use and conservation /
No full textDiagnosing Wild Species Harvest bridges gaps of knowledge fragmented among scientific disciplines as it addresses this multifaceted phenomenon that is simultaneously global and local. The authors emphasize the interwoven nature of issues specific to the ecological, economic, and socio-cultural realms of wild species harvest. The book presents the diagnosing wild species harvest procedure as a universal approach that integrates seven thematic perspectives to harvest systems: resource dynamics, costs and benefits, management, governance, knowledge, spatiality, and legacies. When analyzed, these themes help to build a holistic understanding of this globally important phenomenon. Scholars, professionals and students in various fields related to natural resources will find the book a valuable resource. Wild species form important resources for people worldwide, and their harvest is a major driver of ecosystem change. Tropical forests regions, including Amazonia, are among those parts of the world where wild species are particularly important for people's livelihoods and larger economies. This book draws on tangible experiences from Amazonia, presented in lively narratives intermingling scientific information with stories of the people engaged in harvest and management of wild species.Includes bibliographical references and index.Diagnosing Wild Species Harvest bridges gaps of knowledge fragmented among scientific disciplines as it addresses this multifaceted phenomenon that is simultaneously global and local. The authors emphasize the interwoven nature of issues specific to the ecological, economic, and socio-cultural realms of wild species harvest. The book presents the diagnosing wild species harvest procedure as a universal approach that integrates seven thematic perspectives to harvest systems: resource dynamics, costs and benefits, management, governance, knowledge, spatiality, and legacies. When analyzed, these themes help to build a holistic understanding of this globally important phenomenon. Scholars, professionals and students in various fields related to natural resources will find the book a valuable resource. Wild species form important resources for people worldwide, and their harvest is a major driver of ecosystem change. Tropical forests regions, including Amazonia, are among those parts of the world where wild species are particularly important for people's livelihoods and larger economies. This book draws on tangible experiences from Amazonia, presented in lively narratives intermingling scientific information with stories of the people engaged in harvest and management of wild species.Online resource; title from PDF title page (ScienceDirect, viewed Dec. 16, 2013).pt. I. Focus on wild species harvest -- pt. II. Stories from the forest floor -- pt. III. Seven thematic perspectives -- pt. IV. Diagnosis and action.Elsevie
Twelve Select Examples Of The Ecclesiastical Architecture Of The Middle Ages, Chiefly In France, From Drawings By Charles Wild
No full textTWELVE SELECT EXAMPLES OF THE ECCLESIASTICAL ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES, CHIEFLY IN FRANCE, FROM DRAWINGS BY CHARLES WILD
Twelve Select Examples Of The Ecclesiastical Architecture Of The Middle Ages, Chiefly In France, From Drawings By Charles Wild ( - )
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Memòria Digital de Catalunya
No full textTít. obtingut de l'epígraf del f. sign. [ ]1v. Tít. a l'epígraf del f. sign. a1: Incipit secundus liber secunde partis beati Thome de Aquino ...Lloc i data obtinguts del colofó (f. sign. (10)9v.). Menció de publicació obtinguda dels repertorisEl f. sign. (10)10 en blancSignatures: [ ]8, a-i10, k-l12, m-t10, v-x12, y10, (1)-(7)10, (8)-(9)8, (10)10 (segons GW el quadern t és de 8 f. i el (5) de 12)Tipus gòtics de dues mides i 2 columnesEspais en blanc per a les caplletre
CWRML: representing crop wild relative conservation and use data in XML
No full textBackground
Crop wild relatives are wild species that are closely related to crops. They are valuable as potential gene donors for crop improvement and may help to ensure food security for the future. However, they are becoming increasingly threatened in the wild and are inadequately conserved, both in situ and ex situ. Information about the conservation status and utilisation potential of crop wild relatives is diverse and dispersed, and no single agreed standard exists for representing such information; yet, this information is vital to ensure these species are effectively conserved and utilised. The European Community-funded project, European Crop Wild Relative Diversity Assessment and Conservation Forum, determined the minimum information requirements for the conservation and utilisation of crop wild relatives and created the Crop Wild Relative Information System, incorporating an eXtensible Markup Language (XML) schema to aid data sharing and exchange.
Results
Crop Wild Relative Markup Language (CWRML) was developed to represent the data necessary for crop wild relative conservation and ensure that they can be effectively utilised for crop improvement. The schema partitions data into taxon-, site-, and population-specific elements, to allow for integration with other more general conservation biology schemata which may emerge as accepted standards in the future. These elements are composed of sub-elements, which are structured in order to facilitate the use of the schema in a variety of crop wild relative conservation and use contexts. Pre-existing standards for data representation in conservation biology were reviewed and incorporated into the schema as restrictions on element data contents, where appropriate.
Conclusion
CWRML provides a flexible data communication format for representing in situ and ex situ conservation status of individual taxa as well as their utilisation potential. The development of the schema highlights a number of instances where additional standards-development may be valuable, particularly with regard to the representation of population-specific data and utilisation potential. As crop wild relatives are intrinsically no different to other wild plant species there is potential for the inclusion of CWRML data elements in the emerging standards for representation of biodiversity data
Preventing wild boar "Sus scrofa" damage - considerations for wild boar management in highly fragmented agroecosystems
No full textDuring the last three decades wild boar populations have grown rapidly and the range of the species has increased steadily, covering almost the whole European continent today. The huge spread of the wild boar and the high population densities pose major problems, particularly to agriculture. Wild boars cause considerable damage to fields and grassland, but also pose a potentially high threat to livestock, as carrier of the pathogen of the classical swine fever, which may be transmitted to domestic pigs and can cause huge losses. To prevent economic problems by high wild boar populations, an effective wild boar management has to be established. Besides the regulation of the populations by means of hunting, vulnerable crop fields have to be protected adequately. Crop protection is usually achieved by the use of electric fences. Alternatively, various methods are available that claim effective deterrence of wild boars, however, most of which lacking scientific proof of effectiveness.
This thesis, based on a field study conducted in the Canton Basel-Land, northwestern Switzerland, presents research results on the effectiveness of three different deterrent systems: solar-powered blinkers, an odour repellent, and a gustatory repellent. The aims of the study were: (1) to investigate three means to deter wild boars from agricultural land representative for other deterrents based on optic, olfactory, or gustatory effects; (2) to provide relevant and evidence-based data, which contribute to the policy and practice of wild boar management and damage prevention in the Canton Basel-Land, also applicable to other regions. I discussed the results in a broader context, also considering the role of hunting in damage prevention.
Solar blinkers and the odour repellent, which were investigated at baited luring sites, reduced the probability of wild boar visits by 8.1% and by 0.4% respectively. Both deterrents were not effective in preventing wild boars from accessing the lure food. Additionally, we did not find any initial deterrence effect. The gustatory repellent, which was investigated in experimental fields, did not have a significant effect on the frequency of damage events. Although we observed a slight trend towards a damage reduction, the results show, that the repellent was not able to prevent damage. We further could not detect any area avoidance by the wild boars as a response to the repellent.
The present study revealed, that none of the deterrents investigated was able to prevent wild boars from entering the experimental sites. Hence the deterrents in question are no effective means for field protection. Moreover, I suggest that any other deterrent basing on startling response, neophobia, fear-evocation, or conditioned avoidance would not be effective in preventing wild boars from entering agricultural land. To date, the only recommendable means for damage prevention is the electric fence, which should be taken into account by the responsible authorities. Based on the findings of the present study, farmers must be discouraged from the use of other deterrents than electric fences to protect their fields. Additionally, damage compensation should be subject to the condition of fencing of the fields.
Besides the protection of vulnerable crops the reduction of wild boar populations by means of hunting is crucial for damage prevention. Hunting rates have to be increased and hunting effort should focus on females of all age classes, but especially on juvenile females, which have shown to be highly reproductive and substantially contribute to population growth. For this purpose, selective hunting techniques like hide hunting and stalk hunting should be prioritised and promoted.
The highly reproductive wild boar possesses the ability to recover from population losses in a very short time. Hence, both effective hunting management and field protection will remain the most important tools for damage control. Further research is required to investigate and compare different wild boar management systems including also damage prevention under an economic perspective. Stakeholders like farmers, hunters, and authorities must be involved.
The omnivore wild boar is enabled to adapt to various environments. Wild boar populations are expected to increase further and to spread into areas not yet populated. In Switzerland, the spread into the central parts of the country will also be supported by additional wildlife crossings that are in construction or in process of planning which will pose a challenge for wildlife management in these regions
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