1,721,007 research outputs found
Two cooks at work: independent and coordinated lines of action
No full textIn this paper, we analyse data from a multi-view video recording of two cooks preparing meals in the kitchen of an Italian restaurant. The aim of this research is to show the different interactional configurations emerging from the micro analysis of the activity of the cooks, focusing on transitions from individual to cooperative actions. We are particularly interested in analysing the verbal and non verbal modalities that the two cooks use for switching from autonomous lines of action to the co-accomplishment of local tasks.
In our analysis, the activity of cooking in the kitchen is conceived as a situated activity system(Goffman 1961), that is a system comprehending all the phenomena occurring during the
accomplishment of a specific activity in a specific relevant setting. The situated activity system corresponds to "the range of phenomena implicated in the systematic accomplishment of a specific
activity within a relevant setting" (Goodwin 1997: 115). Some of the previous studies of such situated activity systems are Suchman’s studies of airport control rooms (Suchman 1987, 1993), Hutchins’s studies of a pilothouse (Hutchins 1995, Hutchins and Palen 1997), and the study of the London underground control rooms by Heath and Luff (1994). All these works can be referred to as
workplace studies. They analyse work and collaboration in technologically advanced environments.
The study of the activity of cooking in a professional kitchen can be defined as a workplace study, although the work setting differs from that of those previous studies in the sense that it is a
technologically simple context.The artefacts in a professional kitchen are mostly manipulable objects which function as resources and constraints (Norman 1998) for the accomplishment of the
activity.1 As for the general study of situated activity systems, the relation between human actors and artefacts is an important aspect of the activity of cooking. The analysis will show that the cooks
prepare the meals through a substantial use of physical tools the positioning and accessibility of which in the surrounding have an important influence on the structure and ongoing organization of
the activity itself.
In our data, the prototypical interactional situation — that is the face-to-face interaction as it is associated with conversational activity sustained through a mutual body orientation and a mutual
gaze — is very rare. Most of the time, the two cooks and the other members of the personnel that enter the kitchen interact without being mutually oriented: they don’t look at each other and their
bodies are oriented to the different activities they are accomplishing. Even in these conditions, the two cooks interact and collaborate for guaranteeing a minimum level of coordination. In this
situation, the stable positioning and function of objects in the surrounding play as resources for monitoring and interpreting the other’s behaviour and in so far contribute to the participants’
coordination, be it at the minimum level of sharing the different working emplacements, or at the maximum level of co-accomplishing a stage in sequence of actions.
Besides these cases, there are occasions in which one of the participants begins an action which is then interrupted or suspended by the intervention of the other participant or by her becoming
available for accomplishing a particular task at that moment. The intervention of the other participant changes the configuration of the whole current action. The analyses will focus on those
particular cases, which permit us to investigate the transition between individual actions to coordinated activity
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Les Émotions dans les interactions, sous la direction de C. Plantin, M. Doury et V, Traverso, Lyon, ARCI - Presses Universitaires de Lyon, coll. « Éthologie et psychologie des communications », 2000, 329 p. et un CD-Rom
No full textDenis Delphine. Les Émotions dans les interactions, sous la direction de C. Plantin, M. Doury et V, Traverso, Lyon, ARCI - Presses Universitaires de Lyon, coll. « Éthologie et psychologie des communications », 2000, 329 p. et un CD-Rom. In: L'Information Grammaticale, N. 95, 2002. pp. 59-60
Digital Storytelling as an Educational and Training Methodology: a Case Study with Social Educators
No full textThis article present the data that we obtained from a teaching laboratory workshop that was included in the content offered during a methodologies and group work techniques and animation course. This particular article highlights the third stage of a long action research study on the use of DST that was conducted at a national level in collaboration with the CNCA (National Committee of Community Service) under the Ministerial Project
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