1,720,972 research outputs found
I test genetici in Oncologia
No full textIl rapido progresso delle conoscenze sul genoma umano sta producendo un grande incremento delle ricerche genetiche in campo medico, diventando sempre più chiaro il ruolo di specifici geni nello sviluppo di molte malattie.
In queste pagine vengono sintetizzati caratteristiche e modalità di impiego dei Test Genetici in Oncologia, prendendo spunto dalle “Linee Guida per Test Genetici” redatte dall’apposito Gruppo di Lavoro dell’Istituto Superiore di Sanità.
In particolare, si sottolinea l’appartenenza dei test genetici di suscettibilità al cancro alla categoria dei test genetici predittivi e le loro potenzialità nell’individuare soggetti ad aumentato rischio di neoplasia, che possono giovarsi di specifici interventi di prevenzione e diagnosi precoce. Si sottolinea altresì come, allo stato attuale, per molte condizioni di suscettibilità genetica al cancro l’efficacia delle misure preventive non sia del tutto dimostrata e come i relativi test genetici possano essere indaginosi e dare luogo a risultati di non facile interpretazione. Salvo che per un limitato numero di sindromi neoplastiche ereditarie, pertanto, i test genetici vanno considerati come uno degli elementi di un più complesso processo di consulenza genetica oncologica teso a valutare il rischio genetico di cancro e ad individuare le modalità per un’adeguata gestione di tale rischio in individui o famiglie con caratteristiche cliniche suggestive di neoplasia ereditaria
La cardiopatia iatrogena in oncologia
No full textThe iatrogenic cardiopathies are late complications in oncology patients and represent a relevant cause of morbidity in the long term survivors. The large majority of the chemotherapeutic agents may potentially damage the cardiovascular structures, however the related clinical consequences deserve particular cautions only for some. Although the anthracyclines are considered as very active anti-tumor molecules, they are associated with a robust and, sometimes, deathly cardiotoxicity. Therefore, their uses require either a careful evaluation of pre-existing risk factors before their administration or an adequate follow-up during and at the end of the therapeutic programs. In addition, cardiac damages are reported in relationships with other chemotherapy agents (such as cyclophosphamide, cisplatinum, 5-fluorouracile and taxanes), with hormonal therapy and, more recently with the introduction of the so called “targeted therapies”. Between them, the trastuzumab (a monoclonal antibody anti-Erb-B2) has been related with the onset of different heart problems especially in association with anthracyclines and/or taxanes. The bevacizumab (a monoclonal antibody directed against the vascular endothelial growth factor) may cause ipertension in the treated patients, while the imatinib (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor) has been recently related with various ventricular disfunctions. Next to the molecules with anti-tumor activity, the radiotherapy has been associated in the past with severe damages to the cardiac tissue, in particular regarding the coronary arteries. Typically, these complications appear very late after the exposure, showing a poor prognosis. The availability of modern diagnostic tools and the comprehension of risk factors may identify the patients which are more keen in developing heart problems inducing the adoption of specific therapeutic options, such as the drug withdrawal. Hopefully, the constant progresses in the biotechnology will permit the development of less cardiotoxic therapeutic options with the reduction of such a terrible complication in oncology
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
PRIMARY GASTROINTESTINAL LYMPHOMA - A CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF 58 CASES
No full textBackground. Primary non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the gastrointestinal tract (GI) is the most frequent extranodal lymphoma accounting for approximately 40% of all extranodal primary NHL. The role of surgery and other treatment modalities in the management of these patients is still controversial. Patients and Methods. We reviewed the records of 68 patients with primary GI-NHL. Ten patients had incomplete records and were excluded from further evaluation. The records of 58 patients were considered, and all were available for analysis and follow-up. Results. The most frequent site of involvement was the stomach (47 patients), followed by ileum (7 patients), large bowel (3 patients) and duodenum (1 patient). Malignant lymphomas of follicular center cell origin represented the most prevalent histologic types, accounting for 58% (34 of 58) of all cases. Stage, evaluated according to the criteria of Musshoff, was I(e) in 15 cases, II(e) in 16, III(e) in 7, and IV in the remaining 20 cases. The median survival for the entire group of 58 patients was 54 months, with 46% of patients surviving at 5 years. The median survival was 71 months for patients in stage I-II, 60 for patients in stage III, and 25 for patients in stage IV (p = 0.016). Moreover, we found significantly improved survival in patients undergoing surgical tumor resection (p = 0.003). Conclusions. Even if at the present time the optimal management of primary GI-NHL is difficult to assess, our data suggest that it is prudent to advise resection followed by adjuvant CT in most patients, whereas CT alone should be considered only when surgery cannot be performed
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