1,720,968 research outputs found
Hepatotoxicity of fast food?
No full textIn the dictionary, fast food is defined as any food which may be cooked easily, and is sold by restaurants to be eaten quickly or taken away. Changes in the dietary pattern of the last decades have made fast food a relevant component of western diet, but a diet largely based on fast food has detrimental effects on health, which have been a matter of discussion for 20 years.1 Two potential mechanisms have been suggested: a) fast feeding does not suppress appetite, leading to increased calorie consumption; b) fast food is usually richer in fats and saturated fats (and thus richer in calories), as well as in other components which may cause harm to several organs, namely widespread cardiovascular disease. Both mechanisms are likely to promote obesity, but is there evidence for a direct hepatotoxicity?
The issue came to public attention in the movie “Super Size Me”. After consuming three meals a day in a fast food restaurant for one month, Morgan Spurlock increased by nearly 10 kg, and liver enzymes peaked at 290 U/L (alanine aminotransferase - ALT) from baseline values of 20 U/L, accompanied by increased total cholesterol, uric acid and the onset of clinical features of the metabolic syndrome. No doubt that elevated aminotransferase levels are a marker of hepatic dysfunction, but are they related to any specific dietary component of fast food-based diet, or simply to weight gain and obesity-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Steatosi epatica non alcolica: un aspetto emergente della sindrome metabolica
No full textLa steatosi epatica non alcolica [Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)] è attualmente la più comune epatopatia nei paesi occidentali con prevalenza in costante aumento. Essa rappresenta uno spettro di epatopatie comprendenti la steatosi semplice e la steatoepatite [Non alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)] con possibile evoluzione verso la fibrosi epatica, cirrosi ed epatocarcinoma. L’associazione clinica con le malattie metaboliche, soprattutto nelle NAFLD più aggressive, suggerisce un ruolo eziopatogenetico dell’insulino- resistenza. La prognosi dipende dal grado di fibrosi e necroinfiammazione; i pazienti con statosi semplice sembrano essere scarsamente evolutivi, mentre la NASH con o senza fibrosi, identifica un gruppo di pazienti a rischio di evoluzione del danno epatico. I test di laboratorio e le metodiche di immagine non consentono né la differenziazione tra steatosi pura e NASH, né la stadiazione della patologia epatica. Si rende quindi indispensabile la biopsia epatica, il cui impiego razionale è guidato dal rischio di danno epatico severo. La modificazione dello stile di vita finalizzata alla correzione della sedentarietà e dell’obesità viscerale è da considerarsi tutt’oggi il principale strumento di prevenzione e trattamento della NAFLD. Per quanto riguarda il trattamento farmacologico, sebbene esistano evidenze sull’utilità di diversi agenti in piccoli gruppi di pazienti, la mancanza di studi randomizzati controllati sufficientemente numerosi e di sufficiente durata, basati su rilievi istologici, rende oggi difficile fornire raccomandazioni terapeutiche definitive
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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