355 research outputs found
Counterfeiting, fashion and the civil society
No full textObject: the paper deals with counterfeiting, its problems and its effects, analyzing the case of Italy in particular. The aim is to underline the scale of the phenomenon and its economic and social impact on the fashion industry and civil society, concentrating on the involvement of organized crime. Lastly, it offers some possible counter-strategies for detecting continual violations and ensuring it spreads no further.
Design/methodology/approach: the author uses a multidisciplinary approach to the issue of counterfeiting in the fashion industry; beginning with an economic analysis of the phenomenon she examines its social implications, going deeper into the role of the consumer from a sociological point of view and, from a forensic one, the role of organized crime.
Findings: three things emerge from the analysis of the main features of the connection between counterfeiting, the fashion industry and the consequences for civil society: the size of the phenomenon, the low level of awareness in government and civil society about the seriousness of the problem, and the link with organized crime (and resulting social implications).
Social implications: the main social implications of this work concern firstly the role of consumers, who may vary greatly in the degree of awareness they exercise when buying, and secondly the close connections between organized crime and the counterfeiting supply chain.
Originality and value: counterfeiting has become a global business. In Italy it has reached huge dimensions and has developed some peculiar aspects, particularly in the fashion industry: this paper brings out these economic, social and criminal aspects. In order to effectively tackle this problem, therefore, it is essential to work out both supply-side and demand-side strategies and to strengthen co-operation across national borders, taking steps to control the whole supply chain as well as working to educate consumers
Le nuove normative europee sulla protezione dei dati personali
No full textThe modernisation of the current legal framework for the protection of personal data in Europe is highly topical, as with increasing use of new information and communication technologies, globalization of processing operations and associated legal uncertainty as to the applicable law. It is necessary to ensure that common core principles guarantee in as many countries as possible around the globe an appropriate level of protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data.
The author analyses the old and new instruments and mechanisms of protection of the right to privacy both in the Council of Europe than in the European Union and tries to identify lacunae and assess areas requiring further enhancements
Mare Monstrum : l'immaginario del mare tra meraviglia e paura
No full textLa mostra, promossa dal Mu.MA e curato da Franca Acerenza, Federico Boni, Pierangelo Campodonico, Giancarlo Costa, Paola Marelli, Elio Micco e Valeria Salaris, tratta i vari aspetti mostruosi del mare grazie agli apporti e alla collaborazione di Biblioteche e Musei genovesi in qualità di prestatori di opere, libri e reperti.
La mostra è allestita tra il 1° e il 2° piano del Galata Museo del Mare (Genova) e si articola in tre aree tematiche: l’orrore nel mare (tutto ciò che di mostruoso abita il mare); l’orrore del mare (il mare stesso come elemento pericoloso e terrificante); l’orrore dal mare (le meraviglie e gli orrori che vengono dal mare). Sviluppata in sei sale, Mare Monstrum esplora l’orrore e la meraviglia legati all’ambiente del mare così come sono stati immaginati e rappresentati in diverse epoche, culture e società.
Il percorso guida i visitatori attraverso un viaggio nell’affascinante e il misterioso, tra meraviglia e terrore, incanto e orrore; un itinerario che si snoda tra creature degli abissi e navi fantasma, resoconti di viaggi nell’ignoto, gorghi paurosi e oceani spettrali, tecnologie per la navigazione infestate dai fantasmi, onde digitali solcate dai nuovi pirati informatici, finte sirene esibite nei circhi e nei freak shows, mummie maledette, per arrivare ai fantasmi degli schiavi e alle orde dei morti viventi.
Il tutto visto e osservato attraverso le lenti spesso deformanti della cultura “alta” e di quella “pop”, delle arti e della letteratura, del cinema e dei fumetti, in un caleidoscopio dove a capolavori dell’arte e dell’artigianato si affiancano oggetti della nostra vita quotidiana
Measures and dimensions of occupational stratification : the case of a relational scale for Italy
No full textSynthesis of indole-fused 1,4-diazepinones through photocatalytic strategies
No full textOver the last years, photoredox catalysis has spread as an essential tool to generate radicals under mild and selective conditions and it was applied for the synthesis of heterocyclic structures via cascade cyclizations (10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00030). Considering this background and the interest of our group in the synthesis of polycyclic indoles, we developed a synthesis of indole-fused 1,4-diazepinones through a cascade radical addition on the C–C double bond of N-indolyl phenylacrylamides, followed by cyclization at indole C2-position (10.1002/adsc.202300708)
Gold catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of axially chiral indole-fused diazocines
No full textAtropisomerism, also called axial chirality, is a particular kind of chirality in which the rotation of a σ bond
is constrained because of the steric or electric effects of bulky substituents. The main difference between
classical stereoisomers and atropisomers is that classical stereocenters are often stable and racemize via a bondbreaking, while racemization for axially chiral compounds is possible through an intramolecular dynamic
process that simply involves bond rotation.1 This time-dependent chirality shows great potential for drug
development and has been observed in natural products. In addition many chiral catalysts and ligands that are
frequently used in asymmetric synthesis are axially chiral compounds.
2 Among these substrates, axially chiral
indole derivatives have been recognized as an important class of five-membered heterobiaryls, because of their
presence in some natural alkaloids, chiral phosphine ligands and bioactive molecules.
3 Taking into account
these premises, this poster will deal with our recent developments in the gold catalyzed asymmetric synthesis
of axially chiral indole-fused diazocines. In particular, optimization of catalytic conditions and preliminary
substrate scope of the reaction will be presented together with a mechanistic proposal
Photoredox catalyzed synthesis of indole-based azahelicenes
No full textIn recent years, photoredox catalysis has gained wide attention as an essential technique for the synthesis of heterocyclic structures. In particular, azahelicenes constitute a class of heteroaromatic molecules which are characterized by an extended conjugated system. These compounds find application in optoelectronics, catalysis, and sensors, due to their large conductivity and polarizability. In addition, their intrinsic helical chirality is reflected in high optical rotation. In light of this context and considering our group's continuous interest in the synthesis of polycyclic indoles, we are developing a method for the preparation of different benzo[c]carbazoles and indole-based azahelicenes under photoredox conditions. The key advantages of this innovative method are its broad applicability, good yields, selectivity, and gentle reaction conditions. In addition, the synthesis of indole-based azahelicenes from vinyl-indoles as starting precursors is here proposed for the first time
Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: Secondary Event or Active Driver?
No full textArrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a rare inherited cardiac disease characterized by arrhythmia and progressive fibro-fatty replacement of the myocardium, which leads to heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Inflammation contributes to disease progression, and it is characterized by inflammatory cell infiltrates in the damaged myocardium and inflammatory mediators in the blood of ACM patients. However, the molecular basis of inflammatory process in ACM remains under investigated and it is unclear whether inflammation is a primary event leading to arrhythmia and myocardial damage or it is a secondary response triggered by cardiomyocyte death. Here, we provide an overview of the proposed players and triggers involved in inflammation in ACM, focusing on those studied using in vivo and in vitro models. Deepening current knowledge of inflammation-related mechanisms in ACM could help identifying novel therapeutic perspectives, such as anti-inflammatory therapy
Gene regulation of GPR17, a checkpoint receptor in oligodendroglial differentiation
No full textGPR17 is a G protein-coupled receptor activated by both uracil nucleotides and cysteinyl-leukotrienes. We have previously demonstrated GPR17 is a key regulator of oligodendroglial differentiation and myelination. The receptor starts to be expressed in early oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), it reaches its maximal expression in immature oligodendrocytes and is then progressively down-regulated. In late OPCs, GPR17 forced expression led to impaired maturation, suggesting that its expression needs to be tightly time regulated.
Based on these evidences, this work was aimed at identifying the signaling molecules regulating GPR17 expression during oligodendroglial differentiation. For this purpose, we cloned a putative promoter region of Gpr17 into a reporter vector upstream to a gene encoding for a luciferase. Then, we transfected this construct in Oli-neu cells, an immortalized oligodendroglial cell line, and we set up a reporter assay to evaluate the bioluminescence produced in response to an array of stimuli.
Our results showed that treatment with both dibutyryl-cAMP, an analogue of cAMP, and forskolin, an activator of adenylyl cyclase, led to a significant increase of promoter activity, suggesting that cAMP signaling triggers GPR17 expression. To evaluate if GPR17 could be regulated by neuronal factors, we incubated cells with medium conditioned by cortical neurons. After 48h, we observed a significant induction of promoter activity; this effect was enhanced by heating the medium, suggesting neurons release one or more factors promoting oligodendroglial differentiation via Gpr17 gene, but that an inhibitory thermolabile factor is also present in the neuronal-conditioned medium. In line with this hypothesis, we found that insulin, a component of the medium formulation known to activate the mTOR pathway, strongly inhibited GPR17 promoter activity, whereas rapamycin, an inhibitor of the same pathway, significantly increased it. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that, while a neuronal-derived product activating cAMP is involved in turning GPR17 on, the mTOR pathway, likely activated by insulin-like growth factors, may be responsible for its physiological silencing at later stages of oligodendroglial development. These results may be relevant to the identification of new pharmacological strategies to activate/inhibit GPR17 under dysregulated conditions accompanied by myelination defects
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