1,721,095 research outputs found
Modulating the WNT pathway in Drosophila models of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome
Full text linkCornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare genetic disorder affecting neurodevelopment and the gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal systems. CdLS is caused by mutations within NIPBL, SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21, HDAC8 and BRD4 genes. These genes codify for the cohesin complex (or associated proteins), a multiprotein structure playing a role in chromatid adhesion, DNA repair and gene expression regulation. Our laboratory has shown that a strong correlation exists between cohesin complex function and WNT signalling, an intracellular pathway involved in regulation of expression of several genes controlling cell division and embryonic development. Recently, it has been observed that in nipblb- and smc1a-loss-of-function zebrafish embryos, in NIPBL- and SMC1A- mutated patient fibroblasts and in CdLS murine neural stem cells (NSCs) similar patterns of canonical WNT pathway alterations and cyclinD1 downregulation are present. Indeed, zebrafish embryos adverse phenotype was rescued by chemical activation of the WNT pathway. Drosophila melanogaster is an inexpensive model to study CdLS and to screen in vivo for therapeutic compounds. Therefore, we have used flies’ strains mutated in nipped-B and hdac3 genes (respectively NIPBL and HDAC8 in humans) for assessing the existing correlation between cohesin complex and WNT pathway. Moreover, we have selected D. melanogaster mutants to screen for chemicals that revert the CdLS associated-phenotypes efficiently. In particular, we have tested WNT activators in order to investigate which effects they have on the mutated flies, assessing body weight and changes in brain structures (i.e. mushroom bodies) and possibly select compounds to test on vertebrate models. Funding: This work has been supported by Fondazione Cariplo, grant 2015-0783 to Valentina Massa
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Understanding the Causes and Prevention of Neural Tube Defects : Insights from the Splotch Mouse Model
No full textSplotch mutant mice develop neural tube defects (NTDs), comprising exencephaly and/or spina bifida, as well as neural crest-related defects and abnormalities of limb musculature. Defects in splotch mice result from mutations in Pax3, and some human NTDs may also result from mutations in the human PAX3 gene. Pax3 encodes a transcription factor whose function may influence expression of multiple downstream genes associated with a variety of cellular properties (including apoptosis, adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation), that could be important for neural tube closure. The frequency of NTDs varies between mutant alleles and is also influenced by genetic background and environmental factors. Notably, splotch provides a model for folic acid-preventable NTDs, and conversely, dietary folate deficiency exacerbates NTDs. Understanding the molecular and cellular basis of splotch NTDs, as well as the mechanisms by which the frequency of defects is influenced by genetic and environmental factors (such as sub-optimal folate status), may provide insight into the causation of these severe congenital malformations in humans
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Parhaillaan mutta myöhemmin. Olla V-mAssA -rakenne ennakoinnin ja intentioiden ilmaisuissa
Full text linkOlla V-mAssA on monikäyttöinen rakenne, jolla voidaan ilmaista muun muassa progressiivisuutta. Rakenteella voidaan ilmaista myös ennakointia ja intentioita, mitä ei vielä tähän mennessä ole tutkittu itsenäisenä tutkimusaiheenaan. Tässä artikkelissa tarkastellaan olla V-mAssA -rakenteen käyttöä nimenomaan ennakoinnin ja intentioiden ilmaisuissa. Tutkimuksen aineisto on kerätty Suomi24-korpuksesta. Teoreettisena viitekehyksenä tutkimuksessa on konstruktiokielioppi.
Kun olla V-mAssA -rakennetta käytetään ilmaisuissa, joissa ennakoidaan tulevia tapahtumia tai tuodaan esille omia tai toisten intentioita, rakenne esiintyy usein rajattuutta ilmaisevien aspektielementtien yhteydessä. Esimerkiksi ilmaus Itekkii oon ostamas varmaan aprilia sx:n sisältää rajattuutta ilmaisevan verbin ostaa sekä rajattuutta osoittavan totaaliobjektin. Aineistossa ennakointia tai intentioita ilmaiseva olla V-mAssA voi kuitenkin saada myös partitiiviobjektin: Olen ostamassa uutta puhelinta. Ilman kontekstia partitiiviobjektillinen ilmaus on temporaalisesti moniselitteinen, sillä sekä parhaillaan tapahtumisen että myöhemmin tapahtumisen tulkinta ovat sille mahdollisia. Tutkimus osoittaa, että partitiiviobjektin valinta olla V-mAssA -rakenteen yhteydessä kytkeytyy usein verbisemantiikkaan sekä siihen, että rakenteen kuvaamat tapahtumat ovat rajoiltaan sumeita. Nykyhetki ja tuleva hetki näyttäytyvät osin limittäisinä. Esimerkiksi ostamisen voi hahmottaa monisisältöisenä ja monivaiheisena prosessina, joka on suunnittelun tasolla käynnissä puhehetkellä, vaikka toteutuukin kokonaisuudessaan vasta tulevaisuudessa.
Aspektin ohella artikkelissa käsitellään myös muita piirteitä, joita olla V-mAssA -rakenteen käyttöön ennakoinnin ja intentioiden ilmaisuissa liittyy. Tarkastelussa on esimerkiksi se, miten subjektin persoona vaikuttaa ilmaisun merkitykseen joko ennakoinnin tai intention ilmauksena. Artikkelissa tarkastellaan myös sitä, voiko rakenteella ilmaista tulevaa menneessä ja millaisia sävyjä rakenteen käyttö saa negaation yhteydessä.  
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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