973 research outputs found
Sexual dimorphism in diaphyseal cross-sectional shape in the Medieval Muslim population of Écija, Spain and Anglo-Saxon Great Chesterford, UK
No full textDifferences in adult male and female activity patterns may influence levels of sexual dimorphism in physical dimensions, including the cross-sectional shape of long bone diaphyses. Previous studies of archaeological populations have demonstrated significant differences in diaphyseal shape between males and females. In this study, dimorphism in external diaphyseal shape of upper and lower limb bones (reflected in indices of external diaphyseal diameters), and bilateral asymmetry in these indices, were examined in two medieval populations: Muslim Écija (Spain) and Anglo-Saxon Great Chesterford (UK). Attempts were made to relate observed patterns to documentary and other osteological evidence for differences in male and female activity patterns. While few significant differences in upper limb bone cross-sectional shape were observed in either population, significant differences in shape were found in the lower limb diaphyses at Écija at the femoral midshaft and tibial foramen and midshaft levels, and at the tibial midshaft for Great Chesterford. Comparison with published data suggests that these differences are marked for Écija, and perhaps fairly high for Great Chesterford compared with other populations with an agriculture-based economy. This is consistent with documentary and osteological evidence suggesting marked gender differences in behaviour in medieval Muslim Spain. No significant differences in bilateral asymmetry were found, but the effects of small sample size cannot be ruled out
Neurological principles and rehabilitation of action disorders: Rehabilitation interventions
No full textThis third chapter discusses the evidence for the rehabilitation of the most common movement disorders of the upper extremity. The authors also present a framework, building on the computation, anatomy, and physiology (CAP) model, for incorporating some of the principles discussed in the 2 previous chapters by Frey et al and Sathian et al in the practice of rehabilitation and for discussing potentially helpful interventions based on emergent neuroscience principles
Pythagorean Women Their History and Writings
No full textPomeroy sets the Pythagorean and Neopythagorean women vividly in their historical, ecological, and intellectual contexts, illustrated with original photographs of sites and artifacts known to these women.Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Note on Abbreviations -- Chronology -- Introduction -- 1 Who Were the Pythagorean Women? -- 2 Wives, Mothers, Sisters, Daughters -- 3 Who Were the Neopythagorean Women Authors? -- 4 Introduction to the Prose Writings of Neopythagorean Women -- 5 The Letters and Treatises of Neopythagorean Women in the East -- 6 The Letters and Treatises of Neopythagorean Women in the West -- 7 The Neopythagorean Women as Philosophers -- Notes -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- V -- W -- X -- ZPomeroy sets the Pythagorean and Neopythagorean women vividly in their historical, ecological, and intellectual contexts, illustrated with original photographs of sites and artifacts known to these women.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Book Review: Alliances & Armor: Communist Diplomacy and Armored Warfare During the War in Vietnam
No full textAuthor: Jim Pomeroy
Reviewed by: Dr. Gregory A. Daddis, Melbern G. Glasscock Endowed Chair in American History, Texas A&M University
In Alliances & Armor, Jim Pomeroy reveals how Cold War diplomacy shaped North Vietnam’s battlefield tactics, transforming guerrilla warfare into Soviet-style armored offensives. Drawing from multi-archival sources, the book traces Hanoi’s strategic pivot from China to the USSR amid shifting global alliances and escalating US involvement. With gripping detail, Pomeroy chronicles the rise of the People’s Army of Vietnam’s tank-led campaigns, culminating in the dramatic fall of Saigon.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/parameters_bookshelf/1120/thumbnail.jp
Physiotherapy treatment approaches for stroke
No full textThere are several different approaches to physiotherapy treatment after stroke. These can broadly be divided into approaches that are based on neurophysiological, motor learning, or orthopaedic principles. Some physiotherapists base their treatment on a single approach, whereas others use a mixture of components from a number of different approaches. The practical application of these approaches can result in substantial differences in patient treatment. At present, the Bobath Approach, based on neurophysiological principles, probably remains the most widely used approach in the Western world.1–5 However, there is a lack of convincing evidence to support any specific physiotherapy treatment approach.3,6 This systematic review aims to assess the effects of physiotherapy treatment if it is based on orthopaedic, motor learning, or neurophysiological principles, or on a mixture of these treatment principles
Estimating demographic parameters for capture-recapture data in the presence of multiple mark types
No full textIn mark-recapture studies, various techniques can be used to uniquely identify individual animals, such as ringing, tagging or photo-identification using natural markings. In some long-term studies more than one type of marking procedure may be implemented during the study period. In these circumstances, ignoring the different mark types can produce biased survival estimates since the assumption that the different mark types are equally catchable (homogeneous capture probability across mark types) may be incorrect.We implement an integrated approach where we simultaneously analyse data obtained using three different marking techniques, assuming that animals can be cross-classified across the different mark types. We discriminate between competing models using the AIC statistic. This technique also allows us to estimate both relative mark-loss probabilities and relative recapture efficiency rates for the different marking methods.We initially perform a simulation study to explore the different biases that can be introduced if we assume a homogeneous recapture probability over mark type, before applying the method to a real dataset. We make use of data obtained from an intensive long-term observational study of UK female grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) at a single breeding colony, where three different methods are used to identify individuals within a single study: branding, tagging and photo-identification based on seal coat pattern or pelage.Peer reviewe
Human TUBB3 mutations perturb microtubule dynamics, kinesin interactions, and axon guidance
No full textWe report that eight heterozygous missense mutations in TUBB3, encoding the neuron-specific beta-tubulin isotype III, result in a spectrum of human nervous system disorders that we now call the TUBB3 syndromes. Each mutation causes the ocular motility disorder CFEOM3, whereas some also result in intellectual and behavioral impairments, facial paralysis, and/or later-onset axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Neuroimaging reveals a spectrum of abnormalities including hypoplasia of oculomotor nerves and dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, anterior commissure, and corticospinal tracts. A knock-in disease mouse model reveals axon guidance defects without evidence of cortical cell migration abnormalities. We show that the disease-associated mutations can impair tubulin heterodimer formation in vitro, although folded mutant heterodimers can still polymerize into microtubules. Modeling each mutation in yeast tubulin demonstrates that all alter dynamic instability whereas a subset disrupts the interaction of microtubules with kinesin motors. These findings demonstrate that normal TUBB3 is required for axon guidance and maintenance in mammals.Max A. Tischfield, Hagit N. Baris, Chen Wu, Guenther Rudolph, Lionel Van Maldergem, Wei He, Wai-Man Chan, Caroline Andrews, Joseph L. Demer, Richard L. Robertson, David A. Mackey, Jonathan B. Ruddle, Thomas D. Bird, Irene Gottlob, Christina Pieh, Elias I. Traboulsi, Scott L. Pomeroy, David G. Hunter, Janet S. Soul, Anna Newlin, Louise J. Sabol, Edward J. Doherty, Clara E. de Uzca´ tegui, Nicolas de Uzca´ tegui, Mary Louise Z. Collins, Emin C. Sener, Bettina Wabbels, Heide Hellebrand, Thomas Meitinger, Teresa de Berardinis, Adriano Magli, Costantino Schiavi, Marco Pastore-Trossello, Feray Koc, Agnes M. Wong, Alex V. Levin, Michael T. Geraghty, Maria Descartes, Maree Flaherty, Robyn V. Jamieson, H.U. Møller, Ingo Meuthen, David F. Callen, Janet Kerwin, Susan Lindsay, Alfons Meindl, Mohan L. Gupta, Jr., David Pellman, and Elizabeth C. Engl
Between-monitor differences in step counts are related to body size: implications for objective physical activity measurement.
No full textBackgroundThe quantification of the relationships between walking and health requires that walking is measured accurately. We correlated different measures of step accumulation to body size, overall physical activity level, and glucose regulation.MethodsParticipants were 25 men and 25 women American Indians without diabetes (Age: 20-34 years) in Phoenix, Arizona, USA. We assessed steps/day during 7 days of free living, simultaneously with three different monitors (Accusplit-AX120, MTI-ActiGraph, and Dynastream-AMP). We assessed total physical activity during free-living with doubly labeled water combined with resting metabolic rate measured by expired gas indirect calorimetry. Glucose tolerance was determined during an oral glucose tolerance test.FindingsBased on observed counts in the laboratory, the AMP was the most accurate device, followed by the MTI and the AX120, respectively. The estimated energy cost of 1000 steps per day was lower in the AX120 than the MTI or AMP. The correlation between AX120-assessed steps/day and waist circumference was significantly higher than the correlation between AMP steps and waist circumference. The difference in steps per day between the AX120 and both the AMP and the MTI were significantly related to waist circumference.InterpretationBetween-monitor differences in step counts influence the observed relationship between walking and obesity-related traits
Low frequency wave resonance on fringing reefs
No full textReef systems have been estimated to exist along approximately 80% of the world’s coastlines with living coral reefs, relic limestone platforms and submerged rock formations being the most common types observed. The processes of wave breaking on a reef crest, setup on a reef and flow over and within a lagoon, have been the primary focus of research to date, while wave transformation shoreward of the reef crest and surf zone have also been studied. The propagation of low frequency waves has been shown to have a large influence on flow, sediment transport and morphology. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that these waves may possess periods that, if closely correlated with the reef width and depth, may enter a standing wave type form and possibly resonate. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the indicators of low frequency resonance in field, laboratory or numerical model data, and to identify the influence of different geometric parameters on the generation of low frequency wave resonance on a fringing reef. Methods: The indicators were tested by the use of the numerical model XBeach, which was demonstrated to consist of a numerical basis suitable for the analysis of reef systems. The model was calibrated with high-resolution field data obtained at the Ningaloo Reef (Western Australia). The tested indicators were then applied to the Ningaloo Reef field data to determine if a resonance signal could be identified at the site. Finally, a geometric parameter sensitivity analysis was conducted with an idealised reef profile based upon the Ningaloo Reef. The wave boundary of the model was forced with a JONSWAP-type spectrum that characterised the peak of a storm at the site. The influence of different geometric parameters (in both non-frictional and frictional cases) was investigated and compared to an analytical model. Results: For two time-series that are spatially lagged across a reef, three indicators need to be satisfied to demonstrate the presence of resonance. They are: the surface elevation variance across the basin must be coherent, a phase relationship associated with the mode of resonance considered must exist, and an amplification of the wave between two points considered at the frequency of resonance must occur. The results of the indicator tests showed strong agreement with a simple basin analytical model that was adapted to include the effect of a lagoon. Strong amplification (resonant) peaks were observed for the first two standing waveforms. The frequency of these peaks was affected by the setup on a reef while the amplitude was affected by the influence of friction. It was shown that for frictional values consistent with Ningaloo Reef, the amplification peaks ‘flatten’ to magnitudes similar to the progressive waves in the spectrum. The geometric sensitivity analysis indicated that the resonant frequency was more sensitive to the reef and lagoon length than the reef and lagoon depth. The amplification was greatest for the zero and first-mode of resonance. However this amplification was dampened with the introduction of friction. It was determined that resonance is not likely to occur on reef systems with the geometry, frictional characteristics and wave forcing similar to the studied section of Ningaloo Reef. Resonance may occur for reef systems with shorter reef and lagoon widths, lower frequency forcing and/or less frictional dissipation. The latter may occur for reefs that have a different roughness to Ningaloo Reef as well as for reef systems that are damaged or dying in which coral assemblages degrade into coral rubble.CoMEM - Coastal and Marine Engineering and ManagementHydraulic EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
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