4,006 research outputs found
Fixed and coincidence points of hybrid mappings
No full textsummary:The purpose of this note is to provide a substantial improvement and appreciable generalizations of recent results of Beg and Azam; Pathak, Kang and Cho; Shiau, Tan and Wong; Singh and Mishra
Analysing spatial interdependence among the 2011 Thailand flood-affected small and medium enterprises for reduction of disaster recovery time period
No full textThe authors would like to acknowledge the continuous support and
guidance of the colleagues and family members.
The author would like to acknowledge the constant support and guidance
from Anila Pathak, Nupur Chaturvedi, Meleana Chaturvedi and Aaryana
Pathak.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2750-8483 (Shubham Pathak).Natural disasters have been a significant hurdle in the economic growth of middle-income developing countries. Thailand has also been suffering from recurring flood disasters and was most which are severely affected during the 2011 floods. This paper aims to identify the various factors that impact the speed of disaster recovery among the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) severely affected by the floods in Pathumthani province in central Thailand, and how it is related to its speed decision of neighbours SMEs. The methodology adopts a spatial econometric model, to analysis and understand each of the chosen factors' impact. The findings include the impact of disaster resilience, mitigation and planning at the SME level as well as the government level. The absence of accurate perception of actual risk, flood insurance and disaster management planning before the 2011 floods had contributed to the severity of the impacts during the 2011 floods
Satellite-retrieved direct radiative forcing of aerosols over North-East India and adjoining areas: climatology and impact assessment
No full textThe article by J. Biswas et al. contained an update in affiliation of author Binita Pathak. The author would like to add another affiliation to her name. Her updated affiliations are the following
Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water by g-C3N4/N-TiO2/Y1.97SiO5:Ce0.03 heterostructure
No full textA novel ternary heterostructure based on g-C3N4/N-TiO2/Y1.97SiO5:Ce-0.03 was synthesized via thermal treatment and evaluated for the photocatalytic degradation of two antibiotic pollutants, chloramphenicol (CAP) and vancomycin (VAN), in aqueous solution. The composite was designed to function as a photoactive platform, in which Ce3+-doped Y2SiO5 acts as an internal light converter, emitting at similar to 430 nm upon UV excitation (365 nm) to enhance activation of the g-C3N4/N-TiO2 interface. Structural and morphological characterizations (WAXD, FTIR, XPS, TEM) confirmed the formation of a well-integrated heterostructure with strong interfacial interactions. The photocatalyst achieved near-complete removal of CAP (99.7 %) and VAN (100 %) under UV light, and also showed high efficiency under simulated solar irradiation and in real water matrices. These results demonstrate the synergistic light-conversion and charge-transfer properties of the composite, underscoring its potential as a sustainable and scalable solution for antibiotic pollutant removal in water treatment applications
Some fixed point theorems in metric spaces by altering distances
No full textsummary:A generalization is obtained for some of the fixed point theorems of Khan, Swaleh and Sessa, Pathak and Rekha Sharma, and Sastry and Babu for a self-map on a metric space, which involve the idea of alteration of distances between points
Two-dimensional semiconductor alloys: Monolayer Mo1-xWxSe2
No full textMonolayer Mo1-xWxSe2 (x = 0, 0.14, 0.75, and 1) alloys were experimentally realized from synthesized crystals. Mo1-xWxSe2 monolayers are direct bandgap semiconductors displaying high luminescence and are stable in ambient. The bandgap values can be tuned by varying the W composition. Interestingly, the bandgap values do not scale linearly with composition. Such non-linearity is attributed to localization of conduction band minimum states around Mo d orbitals, whereas the valence band maximum states are uniformly distributed among W and Mo d orbitals. Results introduce monolayer Mo1-xWxSe2 alloys with different gap values, and open a venue for broadening the materials library and applications of two-dimensional semiconductors
Lessons from diagnosis-prescribing and antibiotic resistance surveillance in Ujjain, India : the lull before the storm
No full textBackground: The evolution of antibiotic resistance is a global public health crisis building over decades. In this build-up antibiotic use has been the main driver for antibiotic resistance. To develop context-specific interventions, effective surveillance of antibiotic use and resistance are needed in counties like India, which have witnessed a rapid rise in resistance recently and where the need for effective antibiotics is high.Aim: The main aim of this thesis is to increase the knowledge regarding antibiotic prescribing patterns and prevalence of resistance in an Indian setting, so as to identify targets for interventions aimed to improve clinical practice for common infections.Methods: This thesis includes five cross-sectional studies. Paper I and paper II describes the patterns of antibiotic prescribing for outpatients with suspected infectious aetiology and among admitted patients, respectively. The defined daily doses (DDDs) were calculated per 1000 patients per diagnosis considered in paper I. Focus of infection specific DDDs were calculated per 100 patient days in paper II. In paper III, prescriptions for children with diarrhoea were analysed for adherence to treatment guidelines and factors associated with adherence were explored. In paper IV healthy children were screened for nasal carriage of S. aureus to identify factors associated with nasal carriage and to describe the resistance patterns. Paper V describes the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of pathogens isolated from patients with suspected infections. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method. All the studies were done using structured, pilot tested questionnaires.Results: Overall antibiotic prescribing was 66.3%, 3732 out of 5623 outpatients (Paper I) and 92%, 5531 out of 6026 admitted patients (Paper II). Quinolones were the most frequently prescribed antibiotic group among outpatients and third generation cephalosporins among the admitted patients (Paper I and II). For diarrhoea in children only 6 out of 843 prescriptions adhered completely to treatment guidelines. Oral rehydration solution (ORS) was prescribed for 58%, ORS with zinc for 22% and antibiotics for 71% of the cases (Paper III). The prevalence of nasal carriage of S. aureus was 98 out of 1562 i.e. 6.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.1-7.5). Of these, 16.3% were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Overcrowding was associated with nasal carriage of S. aureus (Paper IV). Among pathogens (n=716) isolated form admitted patients (n=2568), Gram-negative pathogens predominated (62%). Extendedspectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production in E. coli isolates (n=149) was 69% (95% CI 61.6–76.6) and in K. pneumoniae isolates (n=107), 41% (95% CI 31.6–50.5). MRSA constituted 30% of all S. aureus isolates (n=221).Conclusions: The targets identified for interventions were: high antibiotic prescribing rates for diarrhoea (Paper I, II and III) and upper respiratory tract infection (Paper I). Other targets include, longer than recommended duration of prophylaxis (86% of 1846 patients) and lack of distinction between prophylaxis and therapy among surgical patients, irrational antibiotic prescribing in gastroenteritis, overuse of quinolones and lack of use of penicillin in pneumonia, overuse of quinolones and lack of use of doxycycline and macrolides in genital infections, and overreliance on antibiotics in treating skin and soft tissue infections (Paper II). The high rate of antibiotic prescribing among admitted patients together with the high rates of ESBL producing pathogens shows urgent need to curb antibiotic use when there is no indication for it (Paper V).List of scientific papersI. Pathak A, Mahadik K, Dhaneria SP, Sharma A, Eriksson B, Stålsby Lundborg C. Antibiotic prescribing in outpatients: Hospital and seasonal variations in Ujjain, India. Scand J Infect Dis. 2011 Jul, 43(6-7): 479-88. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365548.2011.554854 II. Pathak A, Mahadik K, Dhaneria SP, Sharma A, Eriksson B and Stålsby Lundborg C. Surveillance of antibiotic consumption using “focus of infection” approach in Ujjain, India. [Submitted]III. Pathak D, Pathak A, Marrone G, Diwan V, Stålsby Lundborg C. Adherence to treatment guidelines for acute diarrhoea in children up to 12 years in Ujjain, India-a cross-sectional prescription analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2011 Jan 28; 11:32. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-11-32 IV. Pathak A, Marothi Y, Iyer RV, Singh B, Sharma M, Eriksson B, Macaden R, Stålsby Lundborg C. Nasal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus in healthy preschool children in Ujjain, India. BMC Pediatr. 2010 Dec 29; 10:100. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-10-100 V. Pathak A, Marothi Y, Kekre V, Mahadik K, Macaden R and Stålsby Lundborg C. High prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing pathogens: Results of a surveillance study in 2 hospitals, Ujjain, India. Infect and Drug Resist. 2012, 5:65-73. https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S30043 </p
Corrigendum: Proceedings of the 12th annual deep brain stimulation think tank: cutting edge technology meets novel applications
No full textIn the published article, there was an error in the author list and author Sarah-Anna Hescham was erroneously excluded. The corrected author list appears below. “Alfonso Enrique Martinez-Nunez 1*, Christopher J. Rozell 2, Simon Little 3, Huiling Tan 4, Stephen L. Schmidt 5, Warren M. Grill 5,6, Miroslav Pajic 5, Dennis A. Turner 5,6,7, Coralie de Hemptinne 1, Andre Machado 8,9, Nicholas D. Schiff 10, Abbey S. Holt-Becker 11, Robert S. Raike 11, Mahsa Malekmohammadi 12,13, Yagna J. Pathak 14, Lyndahl Himes 14, David Greene 15, Lothar Krinke 16,17, Mattia Arlotti 16, Lorenzo Rossi 16, Jacob Robinson 18,19, Bahne H. Bahners 20,21,22, Vladimir Litvak 23, Luka Milosevic 24,25, Saadi Ghatan 26,27, Frederic L. W. V. J. Schaper 20, Michael D. Fox 20, Nicholas M. Gregg 28, Cynthia Kubu 8, James J. Jordano 29,30,31, Nicola G. Cascella 32, YoungHoon Nho 33, Casey H. Halpern 33,34, Helen S. Mayberg 35,36,37, Ki Sueng Choi 35,36, Haneul Song 35, Jungho Cha 35, Sankaraleengam Alagapan 2, Nico U. F. Dosenbach 38,39,40,41,42,43, Evan M. Gordon 44, Jianxun Ren 45, Hesheng Liu 45,46, Lorraine V. Kalia 47,48, Sarah-Anna Hescham 49,50,51, Dorian M. Kusyk 1, Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora 1, Kelly D. Foote 1, Michael S. Okun 1 and Joshua K. Wong 1.” The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.</p
The Long Pentraxin PTX3 as a New Biomarker and Pharmacological Target in Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Diabetic Retinopathy
No full textUse of a thermodynamic cycle simulation to determine the difference between a propane-fuelled engine and an iso-octane-fuelled engine
No full textA thermodynamic cycle simulation of the four-stroke spark-ignition engine was
used to determine the effects of variations in engine design and operating parameters on
engine performance and emission characteristics. The overall objective was to use the
engine cycle simulation to determine the difference between a propane-fuelled and an
iso-octane-fuelled engine for the same operating conditions and engine specifications.
A comprehensive parametric investigation was conducted to examine the effects
of variations in load, speed, combustion duration, spark timing, equivalence ratio,
exhaust gas recycle, and compression ratio for a 3.3 liter, Chrysler Minivan, V 6 engine
operating on propane. Parameters were selected for the analysis. Variations in the brake
specific fuel consumption, brake specific NOx emissions, and mean exhaust temperature
were determined for both the propane-fuelled and the iso-octane-fuelled engines.
Brake specific fuel consumption and mean exhaust temperature values for the
propane-fuelled engine were consistently lower (3 to 5 %) than the corresponding values
for the iso-octane-fuelled engine. Fuel structure did not have a significant effect on brake
specific nitric oxide emissions.
Predictions made from the simulation were compared with some of the available
experimental results. Predicted brake torque and brake power showed acceptable
quantitative agreement (less than 10 % variation) in the low engine speed range (1,000 to
3,000 rpm) and similar trends with the available experimental data
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