1,720,976 research outputs found
Gastric cancer and allium vegetable intake: A critical review of the experimental and epidemiologic evidence
No full textThere are suggestions of an anticancerogenic effect of allium vegetables and their associated organosulfur components against several cancer types, including gastric cancer, but the issue remains open to discussion and quantification. The present critical review discussed the history, the health properties, the chemistry, the anticancerogenic evidences from experimental studies, and the anticancer mechanisms of allium vegetables. We also summarized findings from epidemiological studies concerning the association between different types of allium vegetables and gastric cancer risk, published up to date. Available data, derived mainly from case-control studies, suggested a favorable role of high intakes of allium vegetables, mainly garlic and onion, in the etiology of gastric cancer. In particular, of 10 studies, 7 suggested a favorable role of high intake of total allium vegetables and gastric cancer. All 14 studies on garlic and most studies on onion (more than 80%) reported a beneficial role of these allium types against gastric cancer. However several limitations, including possible publication bias and the difficulty to establish a dose-risk relationship, suggest caution in the interpretation. Evidences on other types of allium vegetables, as well as on the influence of different gastric cancer anatomical and histological types, are less consistent. © 2014 Copyright © 2014, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
EFSA new guidance on endocrine disruptors: comments, critical aspects and a case study
No full textThe EFSA Endocrine Disruptors guidance has been developed to help assessors of the regulatory authorities on the definition of the scientific criteria for the determination of endocrine-disrupting properties in the context of Regulations (EU) No 16 528/2012 and (EC) No 1107/2009. The overall objective resulting from the present project was the compilation of a specific database for a pesticide active substance (named x) and its metabolites, which is comprising all available parameters that are considered relevant when investigating the ED properties. The database represented a practical tool to help assessors in assessing and analyze the evidence for endocrine disrupting properties. A useful-friendly client-side Form of the database was created. The Microsoft Access database was selected as suitable for this specific data collection due to the number of predicted records to be stored in and the ability of the toxicologist to work with this specific platform. To facilitate the data entry phase of the operators and to limit the data entry typos, most of the field were constrained with menu combo boxes and several queries were prepared to check the quality of the inserted data. The list of toxicity study type for mammalian toxicology and wild life toxicology comprises more than 10 different type of studies. Out of 55 studies that were scrutinized, 27 were performed on the active substance and 28 were performed on metabolites (4 metabolites) thus representing more than 50% of the total. In this particular case, the number of toxicity studies performed on metabolites was larger than normal; this is due to particular toxicity potential of three (non mammalian) metabolites that show higher chronic (specifically reproductive toxicity) toxicity than the parent. Studies on mammals (intact organism/cells) were 49 (23 on active substance and 26 on metabolites), while studies on wildlife (fish, amphibians) were 6 (4 on active substance and 2 on metabolites) Wilde life studies to investigate ED properties of active substances were not routinely performed in the past year. Please note that for substance X dossier year of study range from 1979 to 2012. Collection of data from substance x dossier represented a new exercise related to new approach for evaluating ED properties of active substances
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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