1,720,964 research outputs found
Sinossi di revisioni sistematiche sull'efficacia dell'eparina per prevenire le occlusioni nei dispositivi di accesso venoso centrale
No full textIntroduzione. Prevenire le occlusioni dei dispositivi di accesso venoso centrale (DAVC) è cruciale per la continuità e qualità delle cure. Vi è ampio consenso sulla necessità di eseguire un periodico lavaggio del lume del presidio per assicurarne la pervietà. Le soluzioni più utilizzate sono la soluzione con eparina (SE) e la soluzione fisiologica (NaCl 0.9% - SF). Sussistono ancora pareri controversi sull’efficacia della SE rispetto alla SF. Obiettivo. Valutare l’efficacia della SE rispetto alla SF per prevenire le occlusioni nei DAVC.
Metodi. E’ stata implementata il 4 aprile 2017 una strategia di ricerca su quattro database elettronici (The Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, CINAHL). I record restituiti sono stati analizzati in modo indipendente; quelli rispettanti i criteri di inclusione sono stati reperiti in full text. Sono state incluse revisioni sistematiche di RCT o studi quasi sperimentali che hanno confrontato l’utilizzo della SE con la SF. La valutazione di qualità delle revisioni è avvenuta con la AMSTAR checklist.
Risultati. Sette revisioni sistematiche di qualità moderata-alta hanno rispettato i criteri di inclusione. La SE non è stata superiore alla SF nel prevenire le occlusioni dei DAVC.
Discussione. Le revisioni incluse sono state di alta qualità metodologica; l’eterogeneità statistica fra RCT è stata bassa mentre l’eterogeneità clinica e metodologica è stata elevata. Conclusioni. La SE non è stata più efficace della SF per prevenire le occlusioni dei DAVC. In attesa di studi di qualità migliore indirizzati alla valutazione della procedura di gestione complessiva dei DAVC, sembra ragionevole consigliare l’utilizzo della SF.Introduction. Prevention of central venous access devices (CVAD) occlusion is crucial to the continuity and quality of care. There is wide consensus on the need to carry out a periodic flushing of the lumen of device in order to ensure its patency. The most commonly used solutions are the heparin solution (HS) and the physiological solution (NaCl 0.9% - PS). There are still controversial opinions on HS's effectiveness over PS. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of HS compared to PS to prevent occlusion in CVAD.
Methods. A search strategy on four electronic databases (The Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, CINAHL) was implemented on April 4, 2017. Records returned were independently analyzed; those complying with inclusion criteria were found in full text. They've been included systematic reviews of RCT or quasi-experimental studies that have compared the use of HS with PS. The quality assessment of reviews was done with AMSTAR checklist.
Results. Seven moderate-high quality systematic reviews met inclusion criteria. HS is was not superior to PS in preventing CVAD occlusions.
Discussion. Reviews included were of high quality methodological. The statistical heterogeneity between RCT was low while the clinical and methodological heterogeneity was high. Conclusions. HS was no longer effective than PS to prevent CVAD occlusions. Waiting for better quality studies to evaluate the overall DAVC management process, it seems reasonable to recommend using PS
Applicazione della family-centered care in pediatria : studio descrittivo
No full textIntroduzione. Recenti studi evidenziano una realtà ospedaliera in cui le attività sono incentrate più sullo staff che sul nucleo familiare. Questo studio ha voluto misurare l’applicazione della Family-centered care (FCC) in pediatria, utilizzando come indicatore la percezione di famiglie e infermieri, verificandone la corrispondenza attraverso appropriate analisi statistiche.
Metodi e strumenti. La raccolta dati è stata condotta utilizzando i questionari MPOC-20 e MPOC-SP in 5 reparti di un IRCCS milanese. E’ stato utilizzato un campionamento di convenienza nelle famiglie mentre tutte le testimonianze degli infermieri sono state raccolte.
Risultati. Per le famiglie la FCC risulta applicata nei contesti per cronici, mentre i contesti “misti” hanno totalizzato punteggi inferiori. Il tipo di ricovero influenza la soddisfazione percepita, con i punteggi più bassi segnalati dalle famiglie di bambini in ricovero programmato in contesti “misti”. Per gli infermieri, sesso, anzianità di servizio, genitorialità e formazione di base sono risultate variabili influenti.
Discussione e conclusioni. Nei contesti misti e per acuti la maggior adesione al modello biomedico, la specializzazione inferiore, un follow-up inferiore, meno risorse umane e la tendenza a privilegiare competenze tecniche, sfavoriscono la realizzazione di FCC. A famiglie più istruite sembrerebbero corrispondere maggiori aspettative educative e relazionali. La genitorialità sembrerebbe influire positivamente sugli infermieri
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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