1,721,022 research outputs found
Single and Multiple Cell Upsets in 25-nm NAND Flash Memories
No full textWe analyzed floating-gate upsets in 25-nm multilevel cell NAND Flash memories irradiated with heavy ions, including alpha particles. Compared to multilevel cell memories of previous generations, these devices show no apparent error dependence on the program level, adherence to the cosine law, and a large number of multiple cell upsets (MCUs). Floating-gate errors were mapped to their physical location, and MCUs were studied as a function of their multiplicity, direction, particle linear energy transfer, irradiation angle, and program level
Accurate Mitigation of Single Event Effects on Flash-based FPGAs: A new Design Flow
No full textWe propose a new design flow for implementing circuits hardened against SET effects af- fecting Flash-based FPGAs. Experimental results on RISC microprocessors show an in- crease of robustenss of more than 70% wrt traditional mitigation approache
Upsets in Phase Change Memories Due to High-LET Heavy Ions Impinging at an Angle
No full textWe present the first evidence of single event upsets in 45-nm phase change memories caused by high linear energy transfer (LET) heavy ions at tilted angles along the word line. Angular and LET dependences are presented, together with a discussion of the possible underlying mechanisms. The occurrence of a thermal spike, due to the ion passage, close to the heater/storage element interface is identified as the most plausible explanation. The upset cross section is compared with that of NOR Flash and finally the impact of scaling on the sensitivity of future memories is analyzed
Heavy-ion induced single event upsets in phase-change memories
No full textWe study the effects of exposure to accelerated neutron beams of Floating Gate
(FG) Flash memories with NOR architecture. Error rates as well as threshold voltage shifts
are examined and mechanisms are discussed. A comparison with NAND Flash memories,
with both multi-level and single-level cell architecture, is performed. In addition to prompt
effects, retention of irradiated cells is analyzed for several months after irradiation. Thanks to
tail distributions, we can assess possible rare events
Single Event Effects in 90-nm Phase Change Memories
No full textSingle event effects are investigated in 90-nm phase change memories. The cells are shown to be insensitive to heavy-ion strikes and will likely remain so for a few more generations. Possible physical mechanisms leading to upsets in future generations are discussed. Errors and functional interrupts, in addition to single event latch-up, were observed during read, word and buffer program due to strikes in the peripheral circuitry
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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