1,720,982 research outputs found
Effects of Water Availability on Hazelnut Yield and Seed Composition during Fruit Growth
No full textIrrigation of hazelnut is widely applied because of its positive effects on productive behaviour in areas and years with limited rainfall and in soil with low water capacity. In recent years sub-irrigation has been applied in some Italian areas to mature hazelnut orchards and new plantations with the aim of optimising water use efficiency, reducing the cost of irrigation and enabling an easier soil management. The research analysed the effect of water supply by means of subirrigation on yield, nut traits and composition during fruit growth in a mature hazelnut orchard, cultivar Nocchione, in comparison to a not-irrigated control. The experimental field was located in the Monti Cimini district (Lazio, Central Italy), one of the most vocated areas for hazelnut cultivation in Italy. Meteorological parameters were weekly monitored. Irrigation improved yield and positively affected the seed/nut ratio. Some minor effects of water supply on nut composition and quality were observed. Nuts from sub-irrigated thesis revealed a moisture content at harvest slightly higher, a slightly lower concentration of phenols in seed and pellicle and higher percentage of linoleic and linolenic fatty acids in comparison to the not irrigated thesis, whereas protein, sugars, organic acids and oil content did not significantly change. Concerning the dynamic of kernel composition, water content decreased in seed and pellicle during fruit growth. Dry matter and soluble sugar accumulation was more regular in seeds from irrigated plants. Sugars concentration showed variations related to environmental constraints and fatty acid synthesis. Sugar profile changed during nut development. Starch content was significantly higher in irrigated thesis in almost all the dates of July. Oil accumulation reached the highest level in the first half of August
Characterization and Exploitation of Minor Pome Fruits in Italy
No full textAzarole (Crataegus azarolus L.), medlar (Mespilus germanica L.), and service tree (Sorbus domestica L.) are minor Pyrinae with a long tradition in Italy, but their cultivation for fruit production has been neglected in the past century. Old trees still survive as sparse plants in parks and gardens, near farmhouses or in abandoned fields. Erosion of genetic variability and loss of folk knowledge are consequences of this decline. Exploration started within the EU project GENRES 29 and continued thereafter in different areas of Italy, with the aims of identification, characterization and evaluation of accessions and collection of information about traditional and present use. A good amount of variability in pomological traits and fruit composition of azarole and service tree was found in Emilia Romagna and in the southernregions of Italy. Azarole accessions were clearly differentiated by sugars and organic acid profiles. Service tree fruits revealed a high content of fructose and a decrease of organic acids and polyphenols during ripening and bletting. These changes enablethe processing into different products (cider in the unripe stage, and jams, liqueurs, schnaps in the bletted stage). The multipurpose potential may offer good opportunities of exploitation. Nevertheless, the perspectives of in situ conservation are presently uncertain, because of plant and farmer ageing
Recent innovations in the implementation and management of the hazelnut orchards in Italy
No full textTraining systems and plant density of hazelnut orchards in Italy are based on bushes with 3-5 stems at a density of 400-500 plants per hectare. High-density systems have received little attention, and the new plantations have always been manually carried out. In many countries, as well as in Italy, new hazelnut orchards are being implemented: in some farms located in central Italy, a DGNSS-RTK technology to establish mechanical plantation has been recently proposed. The new orchards are based on single trunk plants using higher-density plantations distances (3×4.5 m) if compared with the previous ones (up to 5×5 m). A new orchard management is being developed by the use of sub-irrigation systems and mechanical pruning. Moreover, the use of non-suckers emission rootstocks could be needed in the near future. The economic analysis focuses on the comparison between the operating costs of manual and mechanical plantation, aimed at finding the break-even point indicating the minimum hectares that should be planted in order to make this operation convenient. This analysis can be used as a driver to encourage the producers to adopt this technology
Il nocciolo in Italia: valorizzazione del prodotto e innovazione colturale per garantire competitività
No full textIl futuro della corilicoltura italiana, in un quadro produttivo in espansione, è condizionato da scelte che prescindono dal contesto ambientale e geografico. Tuttavia interventi migliorativi lungo la filiera produttiva possono garantire maggiore stabilità e competitività al comparto, rispetto alla Turchia e ai Paesi Emergenti caratterizzati da notevoli potenzialità produttive. Il miglioramento di aspetti critici della gestione del noccioleto, come la potatura di impianti adulti e senescenti, il razionale impiego dell’irrigazione, la valorizzazione del germoplasma per ampliare la piattaforma varietale, nonché lo sviluppo di una attività vivaistica per la produzione di piante certificate, costituiscono strumenti di razionalizzazione della coltura capaci, nel contempo, di promuovere il miglioramento qualitativo del prodotto nazionale
Hazelnut quality and sensory evaluation in organic and conventional growing systems
No full textConsumer acceptance of organic products requires the association of the productionsystem with directly perceivable quality attributes. Up to now, organically grown hazelnuts havebeen scarcely characterised for specific quality traits. Nuts of two Italian hazelnut cultivars,‘Tonda Gentile Romana’ and ‘Tonda di Giffoni’, grown in conventional and organic systems,were evaluated for technological traits, kernel chemical composition and sensory profile. Organicnuts showed a slightly lower oil and starch content, a lower incidence of total saturated fatty acidsand a higher content of oleic acid in comparison to conventional ones. Crude protein content inthe kernel was higher in organic nuts in ‘Tonda di Giffoni’. In both cultivars, the organic regimehas positively influenced the content of polyphenols in the kernel. Sensory evaluation revealeddifferences associated with the growing system for the attributes of colour and oiliness of roastedkernels. The organic samples were the most appreciated for both cultivars
Comparison of nut traits and quality evaluation of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) germplasm in Latium Region (Central Italy)
No full textThis study was aimed at improving a sustainable development of fruit production through the exploitation of local chestnut germplasm in three areas of Latium region: Allumiere and Cave, where chestnut is marginally cultivated, and Monti Cimini, where chestnut production has a national interest. The present state of chestnut cultivation has been examined. Nut traits and seed composition of local ecotypes have been compared with those of cultivars of different geographic origin grown in a collection field in Caprarola. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of soluble sugars and organic acids and content of moisture, starch, lipids and protein in the seed and total phenols in the pellicle were determined. The local cultivars of Allumiere have shown small fruits in comparison with varieties of Monti Cimini. On the basis of nut traits, the ecotypes collected in Allumiere belong to the types of “Marrone” and “Castagna”. Variability of seed composition was observed, particularly for polyphenols, starch and soluble sugars. Fruits of “Castagna” type have shown a higher average content of starch in comparison with nuts of “Marrone”. The main soluble sugar in all cultivars was sucrose that represents about 80% of the total soluble sugars. “Primotico” ecotype, located in the Monti Cimini district, has shown the highest content of sugars (25mg 100mg-1 dw) in comparison whit the nuts of other local cultivars. In general, “Marrone” type has shown a higher content of crude proteins than “Castagna” cvs. In conclusion, the results suggest the good quality of local germplasm and the opportunity of its utilization to improve a sustainable developement of chestnut cultivation in tipical districts of Latium region
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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