15 research outputs found
Specifics of boglands freezing in the north and northwest of the European part of Russia under climate change
Get PDFLong-term complex observations covering the period of 1949–2018 made possible to determine the average annual characteristics of the depth of freezing of wetlands in the North and Northwest of the European territory of Russia together with main factors of its formation, and spatial and temporal variability. The main factors that determine the depth of freezing of wetlands are ambient temperature, snow cover thickness, and a degree of watering of the micro landscape (water reserves of the micro landscape). At the initial stage of freezing, the major factor is the ambient temperature, when intensity of the freezing reaches 0.5–0.8 cm/day. As snow falls, the freezing rate becomes smaller, and when the snow cover thickness reaches 25–30 cm the depth amounts to 0.2–0.3 cm/day and smaller. It was found that the spatial variability of the freezing depth decreases from large values of the coefficient of variation (0.3–0.4) at the depth of 20–30 cm to less than 0.1 when the depth exceeds 60 cm. The largest values of the depth are recorded in the North of the Kola Peninsula, where sometimes they reach from 84 to 97 cm with the average values of 48–66. In large hummocky bogs, when the seasonal freezing comes down to 63–65 cm it links with the permafrost layer. On average, swamps of these bogs freeze down to a depth of 68 cm. The average climatic depth of freezing of oligotrophic bogs of the NorthWest is 21–24 cm; in some years, freezing of them reaches 32–40 cm. It has been shown that the relative warming of the climate resulted in decreasing in the depth of freezing of wetlands in the North and North-West of the European territory of Russia. Relative to the previous climatic period, the depth of frost penetration in the northern Ilasskoye bog decreased by 32%, and in north-western Lammin-Suo bog – by 31%
Numerical simulation of deformation and fracture of space protective shell structures from concrete and fiber concrete under pulse loading
No full textCREATING GEOINFORMATION RESOURCES FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH DELTAIC AREAS OF COAST OF LAKE BAIKAL
No full textThe report considers the mechanism of creation of geoinformation resources for interdisciplinary research delta landscape. Discloses methods for working with vector data storage and suggest practical examples of automated and interactive works. Represented map service for investigation of deltaic areas of coast of Lake Baikal. </p
GEOINFORMATIONAL SUPPORT OF INTERSTATE COOPERATION IN TRANSBOUNDARY BASIN OF LAKE BAIKAL
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Long-term hydrometeorological observations (1952–2020) at the Lammin-Suo Peatland Station, north-west Russia
Get PDFThis article presents the long-term (1952–2020) hydrometeorological observation dataset collected at the Lammin-Suo mire, Leningrad region, Russia. The Lammin-Suo mire is an active (currently peat forming) ombrotrophic mire with intensive peat accumulation and pine - shrub - Sphagnum microtopes, and is thus an example of the most common type of peatland in Eastern Fennoscandia. The data are representative of the wetland taiga region of north-west Russia and can be used to characterise the hydrometeorology and climate of peatland basins and to assess the response of hydrological cycling in peatland basins to changes in climate. The research at the Lammin-Suo Peatland Station focuses on hydrology, meteorology, soil processes and the landscape evolution of the peatland. The dataset includes air temperature, air humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction, cloudiness, precipitation, evaporation, snow depth, peat temperature, peatland water level, groundwater level and temperature. Trend analysis shows a statistically significant warming of the air, peat and groundwater, an increase in precipitation, trends of increasing flow in some peatland streams and a decrease in snow cover duration and thickness. The article also provides an assessment of the water balance of the Lammin-Suo mire based on observational data. The database presented and described here is available for download at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5060039
Особенности промерзания болот при климатических изменениях на севере и северо-западе Европейской территории России
Get PDFLong-term complex observations covering the period of 1949–2018 made possible to determine the average annual characteristics of the depth of freezing of wetlands in the North and Northwest of the European territory of Russia together with main factors of its formation, and spatial and temporal variability. The main factors that determine the depth of freezing of wetlands are ambient temperature, snow cover thickness, and a degree of watering of the micro landscape (water reserves of the micro landscape). At the initial stage of freezing, the major factor is the ambient temperature, when intensity of the freezing reaches 0.5–0.8 cm/day. As snow falls, the freezing rate becomes smaller, and when the snow cover thickness reaches 25–30 cm the depth amounts to 0.2–0.3 cm/day and smaller. It was found that the spatial variability of the freezing depth decreases from large values of the coefficient of variation (0.3–0.4) at the depth of 20–30 cm to less than 0.1 when the depth exceeds 60 cm. The largest values of the depth are recorded in the North of the Kola Peninsula, where sometimes they reach from 84 to 97 cm with the average values of 48–66. In large hummocky bogs, when the seasonal freezing comes down to 63–65 cm it links with the permafrost layer. On average, swamps of these bogs freeze down to a depth of 68 cm. The average climatic depth of freezing of oligotrophic bogs of the NorthWest is 21–24 cm; in some years, freezing of them reaches 32–40 cm. It has been shown that the relative warming of the climate resulted in decreasing in the depth of freezing of wetlands in the North and North-West of the European territory of Russia. Relative to the previous climatic period, the depth of frost penetration in the northern Ilasskoye bog decreased by 32%, and in north-western Lammin-Suo bog – by 31%.Приведены данные об основных факторах, определяющих глубину промерзания болот: температуре воздуха, толщине снежного покрова и степени увлажнения микроландшафта. Относительное потепление климата привело к уменьшению глубины промерзания болот рассмотренной территории на 31–32% по отношению к предшествующему климатическому периоду.
Режимы обработки профиля поверхности катания колесных пар метровагонов
Get PDFThe rationalization of recovery modes of thread surface profile of wheel sets due to the use of a criterion «optimal cutting temperature», introduced by professor A. D. Makarov is shown. The work of a tool in this mode provides its maximum dimensional stability (durability) and required speed of metal processing. This process involves similarity method, thermophysical and thermomechanical approaches, as well as a method of linear programming. It was experimentally found that using similarity method, it is possible to calculate processing modes, which not only improve the features of a cutting tool and provide satisfactory chip formation, but also extend service life of wheels of metr o cars.Рационализация процесса восстановления профиля поверхности катания колесных пар за счет использования критерия «оптимальной температуры резания», введенного проф. А. Д. Макаровым. Работа инструмента в таком режиме обеспечивает ему наибольшую размерную стойкость (долговечность) и требуемую скорость обработки металла. При этом фигурируют метод подобия, теплофизический и термомеханический подходы, а также метод линейного программирования. Экспериментально выявлено, что с помощью метода подобия рассчитываются режимы, позволяющие не только улучшить свойства режущего инструмента и добиться удовлетворительного стружкообразования, но и продлить эксплуатационный ресурс колёс метровагона
