1,720,957 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Part Fibre Toxicol
No full textBiopersistence and biodurability have the potential to influence the long-term toxicity and hence pathogenicity of particles that deposit in the body. Therefore, biopersistence and biodurability are considered to be important parameters needed for the risk assessment of particles and fibres. Dissolution, as a measure of biodurability, is dependent on the chemical and physical properties (size, surface area, etc.) of particles and fibres and also of the suspension medium including its ionic strength, pH, and temperature. | dissolution tests can provide useful insights as to how particles and fibres may react in biological environments; particles and fibres that release ions at a higher rate when suspended | in a specific simulated biological fluid will be expected to do so when they exist in a similar biological environment |. Dissolution of particles and fibres can follow different reaction kinetics. For example, the majority of micro-sized particles and fibres follow zero-order reaction kinetics. In this case, although it is possible to calculate the half-time of a particle or fibre, such calculation will be dependent on the initial concentration of the investigated particle or fibre. Such dependence was eliminated in the shrinking sphere and fibre models where it was possible to estimate the lifetimes of particles and fibres as a measure of their biodurability. The latter models can be adapted for the dissolution studies of nanomaterials. However, the models may apply only to nanomaterials where their dissolution follows zero-order kinetics. The dissolution of most nanomaterials follows first-order kinetics where dependence on their initial concentration of the investigated nanomaterials is not required and therefore it is possible to estimate their half-times as a measure of their biodurability. In dissolution kinetics for micro-sized and nano-sized particles and fibres, knowledge of dissolution rate constants is necessary to understand biodurability. Unfortunately, many studies on dissolution of nanoparticles and nanofibres do not determine the dissolution rates and dissolution rate constants. The recommendation is that these parameters should be considered as part of the important descriptors of particle and fibre physicochemical properties, which in turn, will enable the determination of their biodurability.2015-04-28T00:00:00
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Health risk assessment of lead exposure to children in Blantyre, Malawi
Get PDFA thesis submitted to the School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
Johannesburg, August 2016Although lead (Pb) is highly toxic, exposure to Pb has not been studied in Malawi. The aims of this study were therefore to:
1. Determine the levels of Pb from different sources of exposure such as food, water, and soil/house dust to predict the levels of Pb in blood (BPb) using the Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic (IEUBK) model.
2. Measure the levels of BPb and compare to those predicted from the IEUBK model as an indication for its applicability in Malawi.
3. To relate the measured and predicted BPb levels as well as the prevalence of high BPb to potential health effects using the WHO and CDC guidelines.
4. Assess burden of disease using WHO spreadsheets.
5. Identify additional sources and risk factors for exposure to Pb in children in Malawi to assist the policy makers to reduce exposure to lead.
In this cross-sectional study 152 children, aged 1-6 years, were recruited. To determine sources of exposure, children’s toys, domestic paints, foods, house dust, playground soil and water were collected and analyzed for Pb. A Pb exposure risk assessment questionnaire was also administered to identify potential risk factors and a 7-day food frequency questionnaire was used to collect information on food consumption. For measured BPb levels, venous blood was collected and analysed. Logistic regression was performed in STATA to evaluate the relationship between risk factors and high BPb (BPb ≥ 5 μg/dl).
The comparisons between predicted and measured blood lead showed that the IEUBK model may be used provided that the bioavailability values for lead from different sources are available as well as the food consumption rates are provided for Malawi.. There was also a high prevalence (71.7%) of high BPb that is expected to result in 8.38 cases of mild mental retardation per 1000 children aged less than five years. From the identified risk factors, only areas of residence has correlated to prevalence of high BPb in statistically significant manner (p = 0.013).
It can therefore be concluded that IEUBK model may be used for Malawi, that a significant proportion of children in Blantyre are exposed to levels of lead that are detrimental to their health and that exposure to lead in Blantyre require urgent intervention measures.MT201
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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