1,720,962 research outputs found
Molecular evolution of Feline parvovirus (FPV)
No full textFeline panleukopenia is a viral disease known since the beginning of the 20th century that occurs in cats, causing severe leukopenia, gastro-enteritis and nervous signs. Feline panleukopenia is caused by feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), a DNA virus belong to the family Parvoviridae, genus Parvovirus, subgroup of feline parvovirus. Also the new antigenic variants of canine parvovirus (CPV) type 2a-2b-2c have gained the feline host range and can infect, replicate and cause disease in cats with clinical signs similar to feline panleukopenia.
In this report, we performed a molecular study on feline parvovirus strains isolated from domestic cats to investigate which parvoviruses strains are spread in the feline population and to monitor the evolution of FPV in Italy. Twenty-one viral isolates from clinical samples of diseased cats collected between 2000-2007 were examined. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP2 gene sequences was performed using the PHYLIP version 3.6 and TREE PUZZLE version 5.0 softwares. The reliability of the phylogenetic trees were assessed by bootstrap resampling (1000 datasets). Nineteen strains were found to be FPV and 2 strains were CPV-2. These CPV-2 strains show high genetic complexity with the presence of more variants in the same animal. Analysis of the VP2 protein of Italian FPV strains did not show specific amino acid changes in antigenic epitopes so we did not observe new variants for FPV. The phylogenetic trees constructed with VP2 sequences of reference strains show the Italian FPV strains clustering with the other FPV strains except for the more recent isolates that form a separate virus lineage
First detection of porcine circovirus type 2e in Europe
No full textPorcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) infections are among the most economically important in swine farming. Because of the high evolutionary rate of PCV-2, several variants have emerged and are currently classified into several genotypes. However, only three (i.e. PCV-2a, PCV-2b, and PCV-2d) have a worldwide distribution, with other genotypes restricted to certain geographical regions and/or for limited time periods. Underdiagnosis or underreporting of these genotypes cannot be excluded. This is the first report of the detection and genetic characterisation of the PCV-2e genotype in Europe, from sows on a farm in Italy showing no clinical evidence of porcine circovirus disease. A follow-up study demonstrated persistent subclinical evidence of PCV-2e on the farm, at low frequency and viral load. This incidental finding emphasises the need for more intensive routine monitoring activities involving asymptomatic animals, coupled with DNA sequencing and data sharing. Considering the relevant genetic and phenotypic divergence of such genotypes, the actual efficacy of currently applied vaccines and diagnostic assays should be further evaluated
Identificazione di microRNA nel genoma del parvovirus canino di tipo 2 (CPV-2).
No full textPrecedenti studi hanno evidenziato la presenza di breve regioni geniche omologhe tra i parvovirus e le rispettive specie ospiti, ed è stata avanzata l'ipotesi che queste regioni potrebbero fungere da microRNA virali. In questo studio si è dimostrato la presenza di brevi regioni omologhe tra il genoma del parvovirus canino di tipo 2 (CPV-2) e il genoma canino. Queste regioni potrebbero essere coinvolte nel fenomeno dell'RNA silencing facilitando la persistenza virale, modulando i fattori di trascrizione ed eludendo il sistema immunitario
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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