1,721,001 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Mode of action of Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii OC, two human probiotics, and its host interactions using in vitro and in vivo models
No full textLes probiotiques sont des « microorganismes vivants qui, lorsqu’ils sont ingérés en quantité suffisante, exercent un effet positif sur la santé de l’hôte ». Ils agissent en modulant le système immunitaire, en empêchant l’adhésion et/ou la croissance des bactéries pathogènes, en renforçant la barrière intestinale et en stabilisant sa microflore. Cependant, les mécanismes d’action de ces bactéries restent encore peu connus.Ce travail de thèse propose d’élucider les modes d’action de deux souches de Bacillus probiotiques humains : Bacillus clausii O/C et de Bacillus subtilis CU1.L’adhésion des probiotiques aux surfaces intestinales est un facteur important pour leur persistance dans l’organisme, l’immunomodulation et la compétition envers les agents pathogènes. B. clausii et B. subtilis présentent de fortes capacités d’adhésion sous forme de spores grâce à leurs protéines de surface préférentiellement impliquées dans les interactions avec l’hôte. En effet, celles-ci jouent un rôle prépondérant dans la stimulation de l’expression des gènes codant les cytokines dans les cellules Caco-2 et la production de cytokines par les cellules immunitaires, induite par les souches probiotiques, via la liaison avec des récepteurs de l’hôte. Des protéines S-layers, protéines ribosomales et protéases ont été identifiées à la surface de ces souches, ainsi qu’une grande quantité de flagelline à la surface de B. subtilis.Par ailleurs, les composés sécrétés par les souches stimulent également la production de cytokines chimiotactiques et anti-inflammatoires. B. clausii sécrète une protéase capable de neutraliser plusieurs types de toxines dont celles sécrétées par C. difficile et B. cereus. B. subtilis n’a montré aucune propension pour l’inhibition de l’adhésion des agents pathogènes testés, mais un essai clinique a démontré sa capacité à moduler le système immunitaire et la composition du microbiote intestinal.Probiotic are ”live microorganisms, which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host”. They act by modulating the immune system, preventing the adhesion and / or growth of pathogenic bacteria, reinforcing the intestinal barrier and stabilizing the microbiota.However, the mechanisms of action of these bacteria are still poorly understood.This thesis proposes to elucidate the mode of action of two human probiotic strains of Bacillus : Bacillus clausii O / C and Bacillus subtilis CU1.The adhesion of probiotics to intestinal surfaces is an important factor for their persistence in the host, immunomodulation and competition with pathogens. B. clausii and B. subtilis have strong abilities to adhere as spores, through their surface-associated proteins which are preferentially involved in interactions with the host. Indeed, they play a key role in the up-regulation of gene expression encoding cytokines in Caco-2 cells and in the stimulation of cytokine production by immune cells, induced by probiotic strains, through binding with host receptors. Some S-layers proteins, ribosomal proteins and proteases have been identified on the surface of these strains, and a large quantity of flagellin on the surface of B. subtilis.In addition, secreted compounds of these probiotics also stimulate the production of chemotactic and anti-inflammatory cytokines. B. clausii secretes a protease able to neutralize several types of toxins, including those secreted by C. difficile and B. cereus. B. subtilis has not predisposition to compete with the adhesion of pathogens tested, but a clinical trial has demonstrated its ability to modulate the immune system and the composition of the intestinal microbiota
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