178,294 research outputs found
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Fast algorithms for frequent episode discovery in event sequences
No full textIn this paper we consider the process of discovering frequent episodes in event sequences. The most computationally intensive part of this process is that of counting the frequencies of a set of candidate episodes. We present two new frequency counting algorithms for speeding up this part. These, referred to as non-overlapping and non-inteleaved frequency counts, are based on directly counting suitable subsets of the occurrences of an episode. Hence they are different from the frequency counts of Mannila et al [1], where they count the number of windows in which the episode occurs. Our new frequency counts offer a speed-up factor of 7 or more on real and synthetic datasets. We also show how the new frequency counts can be used when the events in episodes have time-durations as well
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Eumasia venefica Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose 2023, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Eumasia venefica</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs: 1–11)</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype. ♁, INDIA, Kerala, Nariyampara, Kattappana, Idukki, 9.7424° N, 77.0939° E, 28-x-2022, with larval case, leg. Usha A U.</p> <p> <i>Paratypes</i>: one female (with larval case), same data as holotype, 19-x-2022, 3 larval cases without pupal exuviae, leg. Usha A U.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> Larval bags have a ‘witches’ hat’ appearance, a disc-like anterior and a tubular posterior part. The Latin word ‘ <i>veneficus</i> ’ means wizard. As <i>Eumasia</i> is a female term the feminine form of ‘ <i>veneficus</i> ’, ‘ <i>venefica</i> ’, has been used. Hence the name <i>Eumasia venefica</i>.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Holotype ♁ (Fig. 1), Wingspan 8.0– 8.2 mm, body length 3.0– 3.2 mm, forewing length 3.8 mm including fringes, forewing width 1.1 mm, WI 3.4 mm, hindwing length 3.3 mm.</p> <p> <i>Head</i>. Vertex densely covered with pale golden coloured hairs; the frons has a bilobed tuft of golden hairs. eyes are large, EI 0.76 mm. Antenna thread-like, short cilia on segments, 26 segmented, 1.6 mm long.</p> <p> <i>Thorax</i>. Covered densely with light brownish scales. Forewings are covered with pale brown and blackish scales. The scales are broad and have 5 pointed apices. Ground colour of the forewing is pale brown and the blackish scales in the forewing form patches and are randomly distributed on the wing surface (Fig. 3). Hindwings are whitish without any spots or patterns and covered with pale golden scales. Wings are lanceolate, apex pointed, outer margin with long brownish fringe hairs. Legs are covered with long pale brownish hairs; the tarsal segments of the legs have darker scales or hairs. Hair brush is seen on the tibia instead of epiphysis. Hind legs are relatively very long (Fig. 1).</p> <p> <i>Venation</i>. (Fig. 5a, b) Nine veins in the forewing, seven veins from the dc forewing. Veins M 1 and R 4 +R 5 are shortly stalked, a median stem divided dc two halves. Veins M 2+3, CuA 1 and CuA 2 are short and parallel to each other. Hindwings are narrow and pointed, have seven veins and vein Sc+R 1 runs parallel to the costal margin. Vein Rs and M 1 are stalked. M 1 and M 2 +M 3 run as a separate vein to termen. CuA 1 and CuA 2 are shortly stalked. Anal veins are very short.</p> <p> <i>Abdomen</i>. Densely covered with scales, the anterior portion of the abdomen is covered with pale brownish scales and the last abdominal segments and the tip of the abdomen are covered with blackish-brown scales.</p> <p> <b>Genitalia.</b> (Fig. 6 a, b) Elongated, 1 mm in length. Tegumen arched apically. Valva is short and symmetrical, at the apex with short setae. Sacculus distally with some sharp, curved thorns. Vinculum is very long and V-shaped. Saccus long and pointed at the apex. Phallus tubular, with a pointed tip, length 0.8 mm. Gnathos and juxta absent.</p> <p> <b>Paratype</b> ♀ (Fig. 2). Winged, wingspan 9.0– 9.3 mm, body length 4.2 mm, forewing length 4.5 mm excluding fringes, forewing width 1.3 mm, forewing index 3.4 mm, eyes are large, ocular index 0.93 mm. Antenna thread-like with short cilia on segments. The head and area surrounding the eyes are densely covered with long golden hairs. abdomen is long and stout, pale yellowish thinly covered with scales. Wings are lanceolate and narrow with long fringes. Forewings are densely covered with pale golden-brown scales. Dark brown scales are present and form patches and spots on the forewings. Four dark patches which are vertically arranged on each forewing have been seen. When wings were folded close to the body, the spots on both wings came together to form a median band just below the anterior end (Fig. 4). Hind wings are fully covered with pale whitish shiny scales without any markings. The wing venation is same as in males. Legs are elongated and covered with long shiny white scales. The last abdominal segment has a long hair tuft surrounding the genitalia and a long ovipositor extended outside the last abdominal segment.</p> <p> <b>Larva:</b> (Fig. 7 a, b; 8) Larva is pale yellowish, head is dark brown, highly sclerotized without any patches. A mature larva is 4 mm in length.</p> <p> <b>Larval cases and habitat:</b> Larval cases were found attached to rocks covered with lichens. The larvae actively move on the surface of rocks and feed on lichen parts. The pupal bags are found colonizing as groups during pupation, attaching to each other in the lichen colony on the rocks. The pupal cases exhibit camouflage and are difficult to distinguish from the lichens (Fig. 12 a, b). Larval bags have a ‘witches’ hat’ appearance, a disc-like anterior and a tubular posterior part. The cases are built with silk, soil, rock and lichen particles and the colour of the cases resemble the lichen with which they have been associated. The male and female cases have size differences and they form pupal groups mixed with both sexes (Fig. 10). The adult male pupal case has a maximum length of 7 mm and width of 5.5 mm at the anterior end. The female pupal case has a maximum length of 9 mm and width of 6 mm at the anterior end.</p> <p> <b>Biology.</b> Other species of subfamily Eumasiinae have been previously reported to inhabit rocks and their premises, and feed on the algae and mosses on the rocks (Saigusa & Sugimoto 2013; Roh & Byun 2016, Roh <i>et al.</i> 2018). Similarly, <i>Eumasia venefica</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> also feeds on the lichens and other materials present on the surface of the rocks.</p> <p>The larval and pupal case structure is distinct and well-adapted for the protection of pupae during the metamorphosis into the adult. The larvae move on the rock surfaces and feed on the lichen cover. It drags its ‘witches’ hat’ shaped cases along as they move. The anterior wide end of the case covers the larval body while moving and acts as a shield or like an ‘umbrella’ over its body. The larvae directly attach the anterior part of the case during rest and pupation. The outer edges of the wide part are pasted on the rock surface with silken threads and form a ‘cup-shaped’ space anteriorly and this space acts like a brooding chamber or pupation chamber for the development of pupae into adult insects. The exoskeleton and head capsules of larvae after moulting will deposit into this space (Fig. 11). The posterior tube-like case is extended into this space and metamorphosis is completed at this extended tip of the case (Fig. 9). The male-female ratio at emergence was 1:1 (2 each) unlike other species of the region where females outnumbered the males.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Larval and pupal cases were collected from Nariyampara of Idukki, Kerala (Fig. 13). The collection site was at an altitude of 960 mASL. Soil Maps of India (1996) describe the soil of the region as ‘Clayey mixed ustic pale humults and rock land (very deep, well-drained, clayey soil on moderately steeply sloping high hills with thin vegetation, with moderate erosion, associated with rock outcrops and deep well-drained gravelly loam soils on gentle slopes). Average temperature is 20°C. Summer temperatures range from 19°C to 29°C and winter temperatures fluctuate between 15°C to 24°C. The Centre for Earth Studies Resource Atlas of Kerala (1994) records average rainfall at Nariyampara was South West Monsoon 150 cm and Northeast Monsoon 40 cm and ‘Other rains’ was reported as 30–50 cm.</p> <p> <b>DNA barcode and phylogenetic analysis.</b> COI sequencing of the species was done and the sequence has 655 base pairs. The sequence was uploaded to the NCBI GenBank with the accession number OR044899. The BLAST search results of the sequence show 93.59% sequence similarity with <i>Eumasia thomasii</i> (OP302728) from India and 89.88% with <i>Eumasia muscella</i> (LC094210) from Japan.</p> <p> The tree (Fig. 14) with the highest log likelihood (-1709.54) is shown. The percentage of similarity between each taxon and taxon cluster is shown next to the branches. <i>Eumasia venefica</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> shows the highest relation with <i>Eumasia thomasii</i> from Kerala, India. This cluster shows higher affinity to the branch having <i>E. muscella</i> and <i>E. viridilichenella</i> (both species reported from Asia). Detailed discussion of the eastern and western group of <i>Eumasia</i> following Hättenschwiler (1998) has been presented by Usha <i>et al.</i> (2022b).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. <i>Eumasia venefica</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> differs from <i>E. thomasii</i> (Usha <i>et al.</i> 2022b) from Kerala, India by wing venation, wingspan and larval case structure. No veins are stalked in <i>E. thomasii,</i> whereas veins R 4+5 and M 1 are shortly stalked in <i>Eumasia venefica</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> The wingspan between male and female <i>Eumasia venefica</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> has a 1 mm difference (M:8–8.2, F: 9–9.3) whereas both sexes in <i>Eumasia thomasii</i> have a lesser difference in wingspan (M: 8–8.2, F: 8–8.8). <i>Eumasia venefica</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> flies in October and November but flights were observed in <i>E. thomasii</i> during January and July. Walker (1964) described <i>E. arenatella</i> with a wingspan of 12.6 mm which is much larger than <i>E. venefica</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> <i>E. arenatella</i> was reported from Eastern Himalayas from an altitude of 5000 ft Meyrick (1910). <i>E. arenatella</i> had six forewing dc veins (Hättenschwiler 1998) which is one less than <i>E. venefica</i>. Male moth of <i>E. exoria</i> reported from Bengal had a larger wingspan than <i>E. venefica</i>. Venation has not been described. (Meyrick, 1911, 1919). Flight time of both these species also differed from <i>E. venefica</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> (Table 2). Colour and markings are also different with both <i>E. arenatella</i> and <i>E exoria</i> being much paler. Meyrick (1919) describes <i>E. exoria</i> with “markings dark fuscous; five roundish spots on costa, two in the disc at middle and ¾ (representing stigmata), and several small elongate marks on posterior part of dorsum and termen. Cilia whitish, basal half barred dark fuscous irroration” which is different from <i>E. venefica</i> <b>sp. nov.</b></p> <p> <i>E. muscella</i> Saigusa & Sugimoto, 2005 (Roh <i>et al.</i> 2018) from Japan and South Korea also differ in forewing venation - the veins R 4+5 and M 1, M 2+3 and CuA 1 are stalked in <i>E. muscella.</i></p> <p> The genitalia of <i>Eumasia venefica</i> sp. nov is distinct from <i>E. thomasii</i>. The genitalia of <i>E. venefica</i> is longer than <i>E. thomasii</i>. In <i>E. thomasii</i> the tegumen is arched anteriorly while in <i>E. venefica</i> it is arched apically. Valva is elongated in E. <i>thomasi</i> but short in <i>E. venefica</i>. Phallus is longer in <i>E. venefica</i> (Fig.6). The descriptions of two other species of <i>Eumasia</i> from India (<i>E. exoria</i> Meyrick, 1919 and <i>E. arenatella</i> Walker, 1864) do not provide details of genitalia. The overview of 10 described Asian species of <i>Eumasia</i> (Table: 2) shows that the new species has distinct characteristics from other species of the same genus. For nine of these species, the original descriptions are brief and do not allow comparative statements.</p>Published as part of <i>Unnikrishnan, Usha Ayyath, Sobczyk, Thomas, Jose, Roby Thekkudan & Jose, Joyce, 2023, Eumasia venefica sp. nov. a new species of the subfamily Eumasiinae (Lepidoptera Psychidae) from India with atypical larval ecology, pp. 521-536 in Zootaxa 5352 (4)</i> on pages 523-533, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5352.4.4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8426516">http://zenodo.org/record/8426516</a>
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Liftings for noncomplete probability spaces
No full textThe current state of knowledge concerning liftings for noncomplete probability spaces is discussed. This is a somewhat expanded version of the author's talk given at the 1991 Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications in Honor of Mary Ellen Rudin and Her Work.PT: S; CR: BURKE MR, IN PRESS P AM MATH S BURKE MR, 1991, ISRAEL J MATH, V73, P33 BURKE MR, 1992, ISRAEL J MATH, V79, P289 CARLSON T, THEOREM LIFTING CHRISTENSEN JPR, 1974, TOPOLOGY BOREL STRUC FREMLIN DH, 1989, HDB BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS, P877 INOESCUTULCEA A, 1966, 5TH P BERK S MATH ST, V2 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1967, CONTRIBUTIONS PROB 1, P63 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1969, TOPICS THEORY LIFTIN JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY JOHNSON RA, 1980, P AM MATH SOC, V80, P234 JUST W, IN PRESS T AM MATH S KUPKA J, 1983, INDIANA U MATH J, V32, P717 LOSERT V, 1983, LNM, V1080, P95 MAHARAM D, 1958, P AM MATH SOC, V9, P987 SHELAH S, 1983, ISRAEL J MATH, V45, P90 TALAGRAND M, 1982, P AM MATH SOC, V84, P379 VONNEUMANN J, 1931, CRELLES J MATH, V165, P109; NR: 18; TC: 0; J9: ANN N Y ACAD SCI; PG: 4; GA: BZ86BSource type: Electronic(1
Implications of nanoparticle-protein interactions on protein assembly and conformation
No full textSubmission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2026-08-01The student, Mahima Unnikrishnan, accepted the attached license on 2024-07-08 at 09:30.The student, Mahima Unnikrishnan, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2024-07-08 at 10:13.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2024-07-10 at 15:54.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #20977 on 2025-02-04 at 21:25:35The interaction between nanoparticles and proteins presents a promising avenue for designing nanoparticulate theranostic and diagnostic agents in the biomedical field. Upon entering the body, it is not the as-synthesized nanoparticles, but biomolecule-coated nanoparticles that dictate their function and therapeutic response. By regulating the composition of protein corona on the particles, it becomes possible to conceal the nanoparticle surface and facilitate specific biological functions. Although some fundamental principles guiding interactions between nanoparticles and proteins have been established and accepted by the scientific community, there is ongoing debate regarding the development of a universally applicable theoretical framework for understanding the protein corona due to missing pieces in the puzzle. The work presented in this thesis aims to expand the current understanding of how nanoparticles can alter protein self-assembly and conformation using colloidal inorganic nanoparticles as a platform for corona formation. Chapter 1 covers how nanomaterials came to be popular in the biomedical field and why studying the molecular mechanisms underlying nanoparticle-protein interactions can significantly contribute to successful translation of in vitro findings to in vivo settings. Dynamic nature of the protein corona and the many analytical techniques used for its characterization are discussed. An overview of changes in protein conformation and activity upon adsorption to a nanoparticle surface, its correlation to various biophysicochemical properties governing the nano-bio interface, and the current research challenges associated with the field are also discussed. Chapter 2 presents a systematic investigation of the effect of unfunctionalized silica nanoparticles on the self-assembly of a bacterial tubulin protein pair in buffer, in cell lysate, and in a living mammalian cell using Förster resonance energy transfer. The common assumption that nanoparticle-biomolecular interactions that are studied intensively in vitro are good predictors of in vivo activity are shown to be invalid in the case of protein assembly of bacterial tubulins. In buffer, silica nanoparticles promote the complex formation of tubulin proteins as a function of nanoparticle concentration. However, upon microinjection of these tubulins into live cells, nanoparticles at similar concentration have no effect on protein assembly, confirming the environment-dependence of corona formation. In chapter 3, conformational changes in soft corona proteins incubated with gold nanoparticles in buffer are explored; the overarching research problem addressed being ‘can transient interactions with nanoparticles induce permanent protein denaturation?’. In the first part of the chapter, interaction of cationic polymer-wrapped nanoparticles with superoxide dismutase is discussed, while the latter portion of the chapter describes studies performed with chymotrypsin and serum albumin proteins exposed to anionic nanoparticles. Interferences in data due to protein interaction with the free ligand as well as the solid-liquid or air-liquid interfaces during the incubation step, and not weak protein-nanoparticle interactions, were identified as the key factors contributing to results from these studies
Hansen, Lee (Lee R.). Union, non-union, and managerial pay plan state employees, 2008-2019
No full text1 online resource (2 pages)"July 1, 2021."Provides the number of union and non-union state employees in each of the last 14 years. Also provides the number of state employees paid under the state's managerial pay plan during each of those years. Updates OLR research report 2019-R-011
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